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当事人

此条目论述以部分区域为主,未必有普世通用的观点。 (2020年8月15日)请协助补充内容避免偏颇,或讨论本文的问题。

当事人(英语:party, client)是指法律上可识别的单一实体或基本行政单位,可以是个人团体法人[1]

诉讼上的当事人指以下各种:

  • 原告(提起诉讼的人)
  • 被告(被起诉或被指控犯罪的人)
  • 请愿人(提交请愿书要求法院裁决)
  • 答辩人(通常是反对请愿书或上诉)
  • 交叉原告(在同一诉讼中起诉他人的被告)或交叉被告(被交叉原告起诉的人)[2]

但是,仅作为证人出现在案件中的人不被视为当事人。

法院使用各种术语来确定某一方在民事诉讼中的作用,通常将提起诉讼的一方确定为原告,在较早的美国案件中,则被称为“甲方当事人”(party of the first part)[3];将被起诉的一方称为被告,在较早的美国案件中,则被称为“乙方当事人”(party of the second part)[4]尼日利亚和其他一些国家的刑事案件中,当事人被称为检察官和被告。[来源请求]

文献资料

  1. ^ Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko. Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer Science & Business Media. 21 February 2012: 1021– [2020-07-24]. ISBN 978-3-540-72680-7. (原始内容存档于2020-08-12). 
  2. ^ Anna V. Shashkova. Study Manual on the Bases of Russian Law. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 12 January 2015: 352– [2020-07-24]. ISBN 978-1-4438-7402-1. (原始内容存档于2021-03-22). 
  3. ^ Prof. Dr. K. L. Bhatia. Textbook on Legal Language and Legal Writing. Universal Law Publishing. 2010: 299– [2020-07-24]. ISBN 978-81-7534-894-3. (原始内容存档于2021-03-22). 
  4. ^ Records and Briefs of the United States Supreme Court. 1900: 14– [2020-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26). 
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当事人
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