For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 电子设备冷却.

电子设备冷却

电子设备冷却包括电子系统的热设计、分析和实验表征,是保证电子设备和系统持续稳定工作的重要环节,其应用范围涵盖了普通电子计算机、红外遥感系统、卫星系统、深海潜艇电子系统等。 [1] [2] [3]

传统的电子设备冷却系统常采用被动散热方式,例如计算机散热常采用散热器扩大电子元件与空气的接触面积,从而提高空气对流散热的效率,以降低元件外壳温度。同时,也可利用风增加对流。

热设计和分析是根据设计规则或传热相关性,使用手工计算或电子表格进行的。还使用计算机辅助工程工具,例如计算流体动力学

主动电子冷却

[编辑]
电子设备的常规珀耳帖冷却装置

除了被动导热外,电子设备的冷却还可以通过热电冷却装置实现。热电冷却属于主动冷却,需要消耗电能。[4]

当向n 型(p 型)半导体材料施加外部电压时,电场力会将自由电子空穴)从一端向另一端驱动,并同时输运电子动能。达到稳定状态后,半导体内部会建立起一个温度梯度,用以平衡电场的驱动力,此即为热电学中的珀耳帖效应。基于此效应制成的制冷或冷却装置被称为珀耳帖冷却器。一个珀耳帖冷却器至少由一个n 型脚和一个p 型脚组成,也称为珀耳帖结。[5]尽管珀耳帖冷却器的效率通常仅为逆卡诺循环制冷的10-15%或蒸汽压缩循环制冷效率的40-60%,但由于其固态、低维护需求、尺寸紧凑和无噪音等特殊性质,可能依然是某些特殊应用场景的唯一选择,包括卫星潜艇和极其紧凑的空间的电子设备。 [6]

将多个珀耳帖结堆叠在一起,每个珀耳帖结负责一个特定的温度窗口,即可进一步提高电子设备冷却的整体性能。作为消耗功率的主动型热泵,热电冷却器可以产生低于环境的温度。单这一优势,其他传统的被动散热器、散热器冷却液体冷却或热管 HSF,都无法实现。然而,在泵送热量时,珀耳帖 模块通常也会消耗比泵送的热量更多的电能。 [7]

几十年来,电子设备的热电冷却主要采用及其化合物等窄带隙半导体来制造,直到“唐-崔瑟豪斯理论”的提出。该理论指出,将具有宽一些的带隙的半导体进行工程改造和纳米处理后,可以实现更高性能的电子设备冷却器材。 [8][9]

随后,唐爽在麻省理工学院IBM进一步指出,如果将某些碳基半导体半金属材料,如碳纳米管石墨烯超晶格,制成复合型电子设备冷却装置,便可以在单个设备中,同时实现被动导热和主动冷却。 [10] [11]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Allan D. Kraus & Avram Bar-Cohen (1995), Design & Analysis of Heat Sinks, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-01755-8
  2. ^ Kordyban, Tony. Hot Air Rises and Heat Sinks - Everything You Know About Cooling Electronics Is Wrong. ASME Press. 1998. ISBN 0-7918-0074-1. 
  3. ^ Remsburg, Ralph. Thermal Design of Electronic Equipment. CRC Press. 2001. ISBN 0-8493-0082-7. 
  4. ^ Taylor, R.A.; Solbrekken, G.L. Comprehensive system-level optimization of thermoelectric devices for electronic cooling applications. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies. 2008, 31: 23–31. S2CID 39137848. doi:10.1109/TCAPT.2007.906333. 
  5. ^ Goldsmid, H. Julian. Introduction to Thermoelectricity. Springer Series in Materials Science 121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2016. Bibcode:2016inh..book.....G. ISBN 978-3-662-49255-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49256-7. 
  6. ^ The Prospects of Alternatives to Vapor Compression Technology for Space Cooling and Food Refrigeration Applications (PDF). [23 January 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于6 March 2013). 
  7. ^ Technology | Incooling. www.incooling.com. [2023-06-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17). 
  8. ^ Tang, Shuang; Dresselhaus, Mildred. Building the Principle of Thermoelectric ZT Enhancement. 2014. arXiv:1406.1842可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ Tang, Shuang. Using Pseudo-ZTs for Thermoelectric Materials Search (PDF). ES Materials & Manufacturing. 2019, 4: 45-50 [2023-06-19]. doi:10.30919/esmm5f213. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-02). 
  10. ^ Tang, Shuang. Optimized Active Cooling and Refrigeration using Antidoted Graphene for Heat Management of Microelectronics. ES Materials & Manufacturing. 2022, 17: 57-62 [2023-06-19]. doi:10.30919/esmm5f668. (原始内容存档于2023-06-17). 
  11. ^ Tang, Shuang. Carbon Nanotubes for Active Refrigeration and Cooling in Micro and Mesoscale Systems. Engineered Science. 2022, 18: 263-270 [2023-06-19]. doi:10.30919/es8d578. (原始内容存档于2023-06-17). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
电子设备冷却
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?