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电光效应

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电光效应是在外加电场作用下,物体的光学性质所发生的各种变化的统称。与光的频率相比,通常这一外加电场随时间的变化非常缓慢。这些不同的电光效应可分为两类:

  • 电致吸收效应:通常意义下光吸收常数的变化
  • 电色效应:外加电场产生的对特定波长的吸收带,从而引起物体颜色的变化
  • 泡克耳斯效应(又称作线性电光效应):外加电场引起的晶体折射率改变正比于电场强度。只有那些不具有反演对称性的晶体才能产生泡克耳斯效应。
  • 克尔效应(又称二阶非线性电光效应):外加电场引起的晶体折射率改变正比于电场强度的平方。任何晶体都能产生克尔效应,但这种效应的强度远低于泡克耳斯效应。
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电光效应
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