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田鳖属

田鳖属
Lethocerus americanus
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 半翅目 Hemiptera
科: 负蝽科 Belostomatidae
属: 田鳖属 Lethocerus
Mayr, 1853

田鳖属学名:Lethocerus)也称大田鳖属,俗称水鲎台湾话tsuí-hāu),属于半翅目负蝽科的一个,属于水生昆虫

栖息

栖息于低海拔或平地的水田、池塘、净水域、等等水生生物栖息地,但因水生环境污染而数量减少。

外部型态

  • 身体区分成头胸部与腹部两个部分。
  • 头胸部有一对特化呈镰刀状的前肢;腹部有两对足。
  • 尾部末端有两根短呼吸管(可收缩)组成。
Lethocerus indicus的博物馆标本,图中为张开翅膀的状态

分类

田鳖属昆虫通常有分为两类,一类是较为常见的种类例如:负子蝽,体型不大,最大约4公分左右,雄虫与雌虫交配后,雌虫会将卵块产于雄虫背上,皆由雄虫负责照顾背上的卵块直到孵化,而雌虫产完后会自行离开;而另一类则是较大型数量较少的品种,例如:大田鳖,体型最大可超出5公分,最大品种相当于世界最大甲虫的尺寸,有着“巨鱼杀手”(giant fish killers)的特名[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),会攻击体型比自己大的生物,但这种大型种将不会把卵块产于雄虫背上[1],则是将卵块产于不会接触到水面的各种竿状水生植物上,并由雄虫担任守卫捍卫天敌,并在卵块上提供适当的水分防止其干燥直到孵化。

下属物种

  • 美国田鳖 Lethocerus americanus (Leidy, 1847)
  • Lethocerus angustipes (Mayr, 1871)
  • 环纹大田鳖 Lethocerus annulipes (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1845),分布中美和南美之间的一种田鳖
  • Lethocerus bruchi De Carlo, 1931
  • Lethocerus camposi (Montandon, 1900)
  • Lethocerus collossicus (Stål, 1855)
  • 科利奥兰纳斯田鳖 Lethocerus cordofanus Mayr, 1853,非洲的一种田鳖
  • Lethocerus delpontei De Carlo, 1930
  • 大鳖负蝽 Lethocerus deyrolli,日本田鳖
  • Lethocerus dilatus Cummings, 1933
  • Lethocerus distinctifemur Menke, 1960
  • Lethocerus edentulus (Montandon, 1898)
  • 格兰特巨田鳖 Lethocerus grandis (Linnaeus, 1758),南美大田鳖
  • 叶田鳖 Lethocerus grisens 分布北美和中美之间的一种田鳖
  • 印度大田鳖 Lethocerus indicus (Le Peletier & Serville, 1825)
  • Lethocerus insulanus (Montandon, 1898)
  • Lethocerus jimenezasuai De Carlo, 1957
  • Lethocerus maximus De Carlo, 1938
  • Lethocerus mazzai De Carlo, 1961
  • 梅氏田鳖 Lethocerus medius (Guérin-Méneville, 1857),中美洲的田鳖
  • Lethocerus melloleitaoi De Carlo, 1933
  • Lethocerus oculatus (Montandon, 1896)
  • Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854)
  • Lethocerus truxali Menke, 1959
  • Lethocerus uhleri (Montandon, 1896)

参见

参考

  • 桥爪英弘《所有的Lethocerus deyrollei:希望与水生动物共存》 蜻蜓出版社,1994年,国际标准书号4-88716-092-5。
  • 椿象图鉴。作者:林义祥、郑胜仲。

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ^ N. Ichikawa. Male brooding behaviour of the giant water bug Lethocerus deyrollei Vuillefroy (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae). Journal of Ethology. 1988, 6 (2): 121–127. doi:10.1007/BF02350877. 
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田鳖属
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