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甘扎萨尔修道院

甘扎萨尔修道院
基本信息
位置 阿尔察赫共和国马尔达凯特区
宗教亚美尼亚使徒教会
开光1240年7月20日[1]
教会地位正常运作
官方网站www.gandzasar.com
建筑详情
建筑类型僧院教堂
建筑风格亚美尼亚式建筑
奠基1216[2]
竣工1238[2]
详细规格
长度教堂: 12.3米(40英尺)[3]
前厅: 11.8米(39英尺)[4]
宽度教堂։ 17.75米(58.2英尺)[3]
前厅: 13.25米(43.5英尺)[4]
地图
地图

甘扎萨尔修道院亚美尼亚语Գանձասարի վանք),一座10世纪至13世纪的亚美尼亚僧院,其所在地事实上在纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫共和国马尔达凯特区万克村英语Vank, Karabakh的附近,法理上属阿塞拜疆克尔巴贾尔区。 “甘扎萨尔”在亚美尼亚语中的含义为“宝藏之山”或“山顶宝藏”[注 1]。该院据信藏有圣若翰洗者和他父亲撒迦利亚圣髑[5]

该院是亚美尼亚使徒教会埃奇米阿津教廷任命的阿尔察赫大主教(Archbishop of Artsakh)的驻地。

历史与建筑

修道院平面图

早在10世纪就曾有甘扎萨尔的修道院被提及[6][7]。甘扎萨尔的圣若翰洗者修道院是在1216年由哈琴大公哈桑贾拉勒·道拉俄语Гасан-Джалал Дола捐资建造的,1238年修建完成,1240年祝圣

该院建筑群被高墙围绕,其间有建于1216年至1238年的圣若翰洗者教堂(Սուրբ Յովհաննու Մկրտիչ եկեղեցի)[8]。教堂穹顶的鼓形墙壁上雕刻有精美的浮雕,浮雕内容有耶稣受难十字架亚当与夏娃,以及两个牧师将教堂模型举过头顶献给上帝的形象等。这些浮雕足以与阿克达玛大教堂英语Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar的精美雕刻相媲美[9],并且很多艺术史学家认为该院是亚美尼亚式建筑的杰出代表之一。前苏联杰出的中世纪艺术史学家Anatoly L. Yakobson将该院描述为“ 建筑艺术的珍珠……这是中世纪建筑和雕塑的一个独一无二的丰碑,应当被视为13世纪亚美尼亚艺术的一个百科全书。”[10]

甘扎萨尔的教堂与同样建于13世纪中叶的另外两座亚美尼亚修道院——Hovhannavank修道院和Harichavank修道院——的教堂在建筑形式上有很多共同之处[11][12]

图集

注释

  1. ^ “甘扎萨尔”(Գանձասարի)是由“գանձ”(宝藏)、“-ա-”(连词符号)和“սար”(山或山顶)三个音节构成的合成词

参考文献

  1. ^ Mkrtchyan 1989,第15页.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Mkrtchyan 1989,第14页.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Mkrtchyan 1989,第16页.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Mkrtchyan 1989,第18页.
  5. ^ Kirakos Gandzaketsi. History of the Armenians, Sources of the Armenian Tradition. New York, 1986, p. 67.
  6. ^ Anania Mokatsi. On the Rebellion of the House of Aghvank. Yerevan, Luis, 1956, p. 14
  7. ^ Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian Patrick; Mutafian, Claude. The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. NJ: Zed Books, 1994
  8. ^ Khatcherian, Hrair (1997). Artsakh: A Photographic Journey. Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America, p. 13.
  9. ^ See Comneno, Lala M., Cuneo, P, and Manukian, S. Volume 19: Gharabagh. Documents of Armenian Art - Documenti di Architettura Armena Series. Polytechnique and the Armenian Academy of Sciences, Milan, OEMME Edizioni, 1980, Introduction
  10. ^ Hakobyan, Hravard H. The Medieval Art of Artsakh. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Parberakan. 1990: 76. ISBN 5-8079-0195-9. 
  11. ^ Thierry, Jean-Michel and Patrick Donabedian. Les Arts Arméniens. Paris, 1987.
  12. ^ Thierry, Jean. Eglises et Couvents du Karabagh. Antelais, Lebanon, 1991, pp. 161-165

深入阅读

  • (俄文) Yakobson, Anatoly L. "From the History of Medieval Armenian Architecture: the Monastery of Gandzasar", in: Studies in the History of Culture of the Peoples in the East. Moscow-Leningrad. 1960.

外部链接

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甘扎萨尔修道院
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