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理科



汉语汉字文化圈语境中,理科是指数学物理化学大气生物地球科学等与形式科学数理逻辑)及自然科学相关学科的统称,有别于工科技术[1]。其对应概念为文科。此词适用于文理分科的制度,但是在西方科学的学术概念里并没有理科这一概念。因为科学哲学知识论影响下,很难断定数学在科学里的本体。数学通常被归纳为形式科学而不同于物理化学生物等学科所属的自然科学,因为自然科学是遵循从观察或实验、提出假设、做出预计到检验假设的一套完整的方法所得出的有组织体系的知识理论。一般在西方术语中会将其称为“数学与自然科学”。

理科的分类

数学

自然科学

天文学

行为科学

大气科学

地球科学

生物学

可见: 人类学, 心理学

化学

物理学

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 新华词典 2001年修订版. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2001年: 第600页. 理科指高等学校所设自然科学中有关基础理论的系,科,专业。也指中学的数学,物理,化学等科目。 
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理科
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