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犹太区

1880年画的一副罗马犹太区水彩画。

犹太区犹太人区Jewish quarter),历史上又称为ghetto(也意译为隔都隔坨区),是指中世纪和近代在欧洲和中东地区市区中因社会政治经济等因素而被划分出来作为犹太人居住的地区。现代西方语言里的“ghetto”已经不用来称呼犹太区,现在一般用来称呼市区中的贫民区或少数民族的聚集区

历史

中世纪犹太人在欧洲属于少数种族、由于种族歧视而比较贫困。很多欧洲城市设立了犹太区、犹太人只允许在此区域内居住。西方语言的词汇“ghetto”(隔都)就是中世纪威尼斯共和国的犹太区名称而来。

十八世纪拿破仑向往宗教平等,在他侵略欧洲其他国家时,解除了许多西欧城市的犹太人必居犹太区的法律。

十九世纪犹太解放运动再次同等化欧洲犹太人的地位。

二十世纪,二战时期希特勒暂时复原了犹太区的法律,后掀起了犹太人大屠杀

参见

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犹太区
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