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猩猩 (妖怪).
猩猩（しょうじょう、猩々）是中国古典籍记载的妖怪。也叫“狌狌”，栖息在云南地区哀牢国。毛色黄色，叫声像孩子，但有时叫声会像狗，能理解人的语言，有人的脸和脚，喜欢喝酒。[1]猩猩的智力被认为能知道过去，但不知道未来。(《淮南子》，前2世纪)[2]《淮南子》另外有说猩猩是北方的动物，人面兽身且黄色”，可以像人一样行走，知道人名，喜欢喝嗜酒。[3]
《吕氏春秋．本味》则说：“肉之美者，猩猩之唇、獾獾之炙、隽觾之翠、述荡之掔、髦象之约。”[4]
- 《水经注》说交趾平道县：“县有猩猩兽，形若黄狗，又似狟豚，人面头颜端正。善与人言，音声丽妙如妇人好女，对语交言，闻之无不酸楚。其肉甘美，可以断榖，穷年不厌。”[5]
- 《礼记·曲礼上》：“鹦鹉能言，不离飞鸟。猩猩能言，不离禽兽。今人而无礼，虽能言，不亦禽兽之心乎。”
- 《尔雅‧释兽》将猩猩列于蒙颂、猱猿、玃父、威夷、麔麚、贙、豦、蜼之后，又说：“猩猩小而好啼。”
- 《山海经·南山经》说：“招摇之山有兽焉，其状如禺而白耳，伏行人走，其名曰狌狌。食之善走。”
- ^ 李时珍 1782‘本草纲目 (四库全书本)’“巻51 =兽之四, 猩猩”； 铃木訳 1931, pp. 448–451
- ^ ‘淮南子’氾论训。“猩猩知往而不知来”
- ^ ‘淮南子’高诱注:"猩猩北方（南方の误り）獣名、人面獣身黄色、礼记曰、猩猩能言不离禽獣、见人往走、则知人姓字、又嗜酒"
- ^ 《吕氏春秋‧孝行览第二》，174 页。
- ^ 郦道元《水经注》卷三七叶榆河，第六册，63 页。
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