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牙门将军.
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牙门将军，杂号将军的名号之一，为东汉末年左将军刘备所创置[1]，曾授予赵云和于汉中之战后授予魏延。三国时东吴和曹魏亦有设置，但多以牙门将称之。[2]
牙门源于古时行军扎营，立牙旗[3][4]以为军门，称为“牙门”。牙门将，应类似中郎将属中阶军官，意为统兵牙门[5][6]之将领，职责保卫军队与主帅防御安危。
牙门将军为刘备为奖励赵云功勋，特别创置将军号，蜀汉仅赵云、魏延述职担任，职责统率直属刘备调遣的亲兵部队，汉朝时未有该牙门将军名号存在记载。
《通典》卷二十九“杂号将军”一栏将牙门将视为杂号将军之一，则作魏文帝黄初年间始置，第五品。而且冠服与将军相同，列出蜀汉赵云，曹魏胡烈和东吴陆机为例子，却没写《三国志》中赵云所曾任的牙门将军。但按《三国志·王平传》，王平投降刘备后官拜“牙门将、禆将军”，禆将军是将军名号（将军号），牙门将则是指守护牙门旗任务的将领（职务称），与《通典》所述不合。而《三国志》亦只有在蜀志中赵云和魏延的传中写“牙门将军”，魏志和吴志皆只有牙门将，但蜀汉亦有牙门将之职。
- ^ 《资治通鉴》卷六十八胡三省注：“牙门、镇远，皆刘备创置将军号。”
- ^ 《三国会要》职官三<附 杂号将军>：“牙门 蜀赵云 魏延 魏吴亦有。”
- ^ 《文选·张衡＜东京赋＞》：“戈矛若林，牙旗缤纷。”
- ^ 三国东吴薛综注兵书曰：“牙旗者，将军之旌。谓古者天子出，建大牙旗，竿上以象牙饰之，故云牙旗。”
- ^ 《后汉书》卷七四上《袁绍传》：“麹义追至界桥，瓒敛兵还战，义复破之，遂到瓒营，拔其牙门。”
- ^ 南朝梁．刘勰《文心雕龙．诏策》：“警郡守以恤隐，勒牙门以御卫。”
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