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爱德华·科尔斯顿

爱德华·科尔斯顿
Edward Colston
乔纳森·理查德森英语Jonathan Richardson所绘制的爱德华·科尔斯顿肖像
布里斯托尔选区英语Bristol (UK Parliament constituency)国会议员
任期
1710年英语1710 British general election1713年英语1713 British general election
个人资料
出生(1636-11-02)1636年11月2日
英格兰布里斯托尔
逝世1721年10月11日(1721岁—10—11)(84岁)
英格兰萨里郡摩特雷克
政党托利党
职业商人

爱德华·科尔斯顿(英语:Edward Colston,1636年11月2日—1721年10月11日)是一名英国商人、奴隶贩子、慈善家和保守党议员[1][2][3]:7-10

科尔斯顿出生于布里斯托尔的商人家庭,后来其在伦敦建立了一家外贸企业,并在西班牙葡萄牙和其他欧洲港口从事葡萄酒水果布料的贸易。1680年,科尔斯顿加入从事英国与非洲西海岸的黄金象牙奴隶贸易皇家非洲公司,并于1689年至1690年担任该公司的负责人[3][4][5]

科尔斯顿离开皇家非洲公司后,开始进行放贷生意,并从事慈善活动,曾向布里斯托尔和伦敦的学校及医院捐款。他还担任过布里斯托尔选区的保守党国会议员。科尔斯顿临终前,又将遗产赠予慈善机构[6]

科尔斯顿去世后,布里斯托尔不少学校、音乐厅、写字楼和街道等皆以科尔斯顿名字命名。1895年,一座5.5米高的科尔斯顿青铜雕像英语Statue of Edward Colston在布里斯托尔科尔斯顿大道上落成[7]

2020年5月26日,美国引发的乔治·佛洛依德之死引发的示威活动之后,示威活动蔓延至欧洲地区,引发拆除历史争议人物雕像浪潮。科尔斯雕像被示威者拖到布里斯托尔港河中丢弃,之后英国当局将其打捞上来安置在博物馆。

参考文献

  1. ^ Ball, Roger. Myths within myths…Edward Colston and that statue. Bristol Radical History Group. 2018-10-14 [2020-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-07). 
  2. ^ Cork, Tristan. The wording of second plaque proposed for Edward Colston statue linking him to 20,000 deaths. Bristol Live. Reach plc. 22 July 2018 [8 June 2020]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-30). Bristolians who did not subscribe to his religious and political beliefs were not permitted to benefit from his charities 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Morgan, Kenneth. Edward Colston and Bristol (PDF). Bristol: Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. 1999: 3. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于8 June 2020). 
  4. ^ Hayton, David. Colston, Edward II. The History of Parliament. 剑桥大学出版社. April 2006 [11 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-12). 
  5. ^ Dresser, Madge. Squares of distinction, webs of interest: Gentility, urban development and the slave trade in Bristol c.1673–1820. Slavery & Abolition a Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies (Routledge). 2000, 21 (3): 22. ISSN 1743-9523. doi:10.1080/01440390008575319. (原始内容存档于10 July 2011). Some subsequent scholars have preferred to stress [...] his other commercial involvements -- in fruit and wines and cloth, and in West Indian sugar. Nevertheless, it is this last commercial interest which confirms that a significant part of his wealth was derived from the labour of slaves. 
  6. ^ 联合报. 趁亂的歷史正義?英國BLM抗爭推倒的「黑奴巨商銅像」. (原始内容存档于2020-06-09). 
  7. ^ 界面新闻. 奴隶贩铜像被扔进河里:当年英国为何掺和非洲奴隶贸易?. (原始内容存档于2020-06-13). 
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爱德华·科尔斯顿
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