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熔岩湖

尼拉贡戈火山的熔岩湖
埃塞俄比亚尔塔阿雷火山的熔岩湖。
Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, 2012
位于美国夏威夷州基拉韦厄火山的 Halema'uma'u 熔岩湖。
瓦努阿图安布里姆岛马鲁姆火山口(Marum crater)的熔岩湖。

熔岩湖是含有大量岩浆熔岩的湖,通常由玄武岩、包含出气口、火山口或广泛的沉积物。科学家使用一些术语来描述熔岩湖是已经部分或全部凝结成固体的岩浆。

形成

岩浆湖可以由下面三种途径之一形成[1]

  1. 一个或多个出气孔被火山喷发出的岩浆部分或完全覆盖与填充。
  2. 当熔岩倾泻入火山口或广泛的沉积物填充或充满火山口。
  3. 在连续喷发熔岩的数个星期内或更长的时间,在一个新的出气孔上慢慢的修造出比周围地面越来越高的火山口。

行为

熔岩湖出现在各种火山系统中,从埃塞俄比亚的玄武质尔塔阿雷火山湖和智利比亚里卡玄武安山岩火山,到南极洲埃里伯斯火山独特的响岩熔岩湖。 人们观察到熔岩湖表现出一系列行为。 在1969年至1971年夏威夷基拉韦厄火山爆发期间,观察到了一个“不断循环、显然处于稳态”的熔岩湖[2]。 相较之下,1983年至1984年基拉韦厄火山普乌欧欧火山口英语Puʻu ʻŌʻō爆发时的熔岩湖表现出周期为5至20分钟的循环行为; 气体“刺穿”湖面,熔岩在湖泊活动新阶段开始之前迅速流回管道[3]

著名的例子

在地球上,目前只有少量长期存在的熔岩湖[4]。它们是:

相关条目

参考资料

  1. ^ VHP Photo Glossary: Lava lake. Volcanoes.usgs.gov. [2013-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-21). 
  2. ^ Swanson et al. (1979) "Ground deformation at Pu'u 'O'o. U.S. Geological Survey Chronological narrative of the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea volcano". US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1056
  3. ^ Wolfe et al. (1988). "Geologic observations and chronology of eruptive events". US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1463
  4. ^ On the Volcanoes of the World Episode 1: The Horn of Africa http://science.discovery.com/tv-schedules/series.html?paid=48.15734.125515.36287.x页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

外部链接

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熔岩湖
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