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焦山之战

焦山之战,1275年(宋恭帝德祐元年、元世祖至元十二年)七月,宋元战争中,元朝军队在长江中焦山(今江苏省镇江市东)水城击败南宋军队的作战。

1275年二月,丁家洲之战后,元军攻占建康府(今江苏省南京市)、镇江府常州等地。宋廷为加强临安(今杭州)外围要点防御,命主战将领张世杰为保康军承宣使、总都督府诸军,率军北上。张世杰派军将三路北进,收复常州、广德军(今安徽省广德市)。继续出击却失利,率水军至金山(今江苏省镇江市北),与殿前都指挥使张彦约定从常州率兵进军京口(今江苏省镇江市丹徒区),扬州李庭芝领兵出瓜洲(今江苏省扬州市东南)三路合击,决战元军。张彦、李庭芝未到,张世杰与平江都统刘师勇、知泰州孙虎臣率水军迎战。

七月初一宋朝水军号称万余艘,以十船为一舫,以铁索相连,于江沉碇,横列焦山南北江面,规定非有号令不得起碇,决意与元军死战。元朝荆湖行省平章政事阿术在瓜洲江岸屯集战船,右丞相阿塔海、参知政事董文炳于南岸西津渡屯集战船,派万户张弘范率兵一千乘船向西攻打殊金沙(今镇江西北),控制上游。当天,阿术率军登南岸石公山(今江苏省镇江市东北)观察,见宋朝旌旗蔽江,船舰铁索相连,决定火攻,以两翼夹攻、水陆并进,突破宋军防御。七月初二,阿术居中,选一千名强健射手,乘大船分两翼夹射,命万户怀都率步骑在江岸布阵,防止宋军登岸袭击。万户刘琛率军沿江南岸东取夹滩(焦山东北),绕到宋军之后,切断宋军退路。董文炳率水师自焦山南麓,攻宋军右翼。万户刘国杰攻左翼。万户忽剌出攻其中,令张弘范从上游顺风而来,从焦山北麓进攻宋军。元军小型战船横冲直撞,宋军死战,因船大,难以行动,元军两翼射火箭,宋船被烧。激战半日,宋军大乱,前军多坠水溺死,后军逃跑,元军追至焦山,俘获黄鹄、白鹞等船七百艘。

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焦山之战
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