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无学祖元

无学祖元(1226年—1286年9月22日),南宋临济宗僧侣,后东渡日本,为日本无学派(佛光派)的始祖。

1226年,出生在南宋明州庆元府(今浙江省宁波市),俗姓许。1237年在杭州浄慈寺出家。约1240年左右,拜无准师范为师,后来继承了他的衣钵。1262年,迁居东湖的白云庵。

1275年,元军入侵南宋,避难于温州能仁寺。元军包围寺院,要杀死无学。无学临危不乱,作《临刃偈》一首:“乾坤孤筇卓无地,喜得入空法亦空。珍重大元三尺剑,电光影里斩春风。”元军听后,默然退去。

1278年,日本建长寺住持兰溪道隆圆寂。应镰仓时代执权北条时宗的邀请,无学东渡日本,担任建长寺住持。时宗拜无学为师,自此之后,镰仓武士纷纷接受佛教信仰。

1281年,元军入侵日本,书“莫烦恼”三字赠予时宗,鼓励他抵抗元军。1282年,无学建立圆觉寺以超度抵抗元军的战死者,并成为该寺的开山祖师。

1286年圆寂于建长寺,谥号佛光国师。作有《佛光国师语录》。

宋元明州东渡日本三高僧
无学祖元 | 明极楚俊 | 竺仙梵仙
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无学祖元
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