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乌克兰除垢政策

乌克兰除垢政策委员会的标志

乌克兰除垢政策乌克兰语Люстрація罗马化Liustratsiia)为2014年尊严革命后,彼得·波罗申科政府将前总统维克多·亚努科维奇政府的公务员以及前苏联共产党官僚移出政府的政策。除垢政策一词原指东欧的前共产国家在苏联解体后将苏共官僚自政府清除的措施[1]

执行

布罗瓦里的“正义之剑”纪念碑,象征乌克兰除垢政策与反贪行动

乌克兰除垢政策旨在将旧政府的官僚移出政府,曾在亚努科维奇政府任职超过一年且未主动辞职的公务员、苏共高级官员、克格勃格鲁乌的特务与长期雇员、毕业于克格勃学院的人员(技术人员除外)、曾为他国担任线民者、曾试图危害乌克兰国家安全与领土完整者与煽动族群仇恨者将被逐出政府,且5至10年内不得重新在政府任职[2]。经选举上任者(总统与国会议员等)、宪法法院法官与最高法院法官不受此政策影响[1]

2014年2月26日,Ehor Sobolev获新政府任命为除垢政策委员会主席[3];8月14日国会通过执行除垢政策、审查公务员资格的法案[4],并于10月16日正式生效[2],10月的第一波除垢行动即有39名高级官员被免职[5],截至2015年9月已有700名官员被免职[6]

2019年新总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基上任后宣布将除垢政策扩展到彼得·波罗申科政府的官员[7][8]

批评

乌克兰总检察长维塔利·亚雷玛英语Vitaly Yarema批评国会通过的除垢政策违反该国宪法与国际法,将对国家带来负面影响[2]哈尔科夫人权保护组织英语Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group人员也指除垢政策不合理,且可能严重侵犯人权,影响层面过大[9]欧洲委员会威尼斯委员会于同年12月裁定乌克兰除垢政策带有重大瑕疵[10]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Lustration law faces sabotage, legal hurdles. Kyiv Post. 2014-10-23 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-29). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lustration law takes effect in Ukraine. Interfax Ukraine. 2014-10-15 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11). 
  3. ^ Arseniy Yatseniuk nominated to lead new government as Ukraine prime minister. Kyiv Post. 2014-02-27 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-27). 
  4. ^ Rada passes bill on government lustration in first reading. Interfax-Ukraine. 2014-08-14 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-14). 
  5. ^ Thirty-nine Ukrainian top officials to lose jobs under lustration law. Interfax Ukraine. 2014-10-16 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-20). 
  6. ^ Week in numbers. UNIAN. 2015-10-20 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-14). 
  7. ^ Olearchyk, Roman. Zelensky's plan to purge Ukraine officials draws criticism. Financial Times. 2019-07-12 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-06). 
  8. ^ Edwards, Maxim. Welcome to Ukraine's Post-Post-Maidan Era. Foreign Policy. [2019-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-06). 
  9. ^ Yavorsky, Volodymyr. Proposed lustration law has serious defects. Kyiv Post. 2014-08-14 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-14). 
  10. ^ Council of Europe Venice Commission: some provisions of Ukrainian lustration law should be revised. Interfax-Ukraine. 2014-12-12 [2022-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-25). 
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乌克兰除垢政策
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