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灰度图像

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

电脑领域中,灰度(Gray scale)数字图像是每个像素只有一个采样颜色的图像。这类图像通常显示为从最暗黑色到最亮的白色灰度,尽管理论上这个采样可以是任何颜色的不同深浅,甚至可以是不同亮度上的不同颜色。灰度图像与黑白图像不同,在电脑图像领域中黑白图像只有黑白两种颜色,灰度图像在黑色与白色之间还有许多级的颜色深度。但是,在数字图像领域之外,“黑白图像”也表示“灰度图像”,例如灰度的照片通常叫做“黑白照片”。在一些关于数字图像的文章中单色图像等同于灰度图像,在另外一些文章中又等同于黑白图像。

灰度图像经常是在单个电磁波频谱如可见光内测量每个像素的亮度得到的。

用于显示的灰度图像通常用每个采样像素8 bits的非线性尺度来保存,这样可以有256种灰度(8bits就是2的8次方=256)。这种精度刚刚好能够避免可见的条带失真,并且非常易于编程。在医学图像与遥感图像这些技术应用中经常采用更多的级数以充分利用每个采样10或12 bits的传感器精度,并且避免计算时的近似误差。在这样的应用领域流行使用16 bits即65536个组合(或65536种颜色)。

一个彩色的绯红金刚鹦鹉照片一个灰度的绯红金刚鹦鹉照片
不同颜色模式下的同一幅图片。左边的是原始的彩色照片。右边的一幅是灰度图像,所有的颜色用黑色、白色以及不同的灰度表示。

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灰度图像
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