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火龙卷

火龙卷的旋涡

火龙卷,又称为火焰龙卷风火焰漩涡[1]火灾旋风等,是当空气中的漩涡乱流因为高热及风向造成的湍流结合而形成,在旋风内有火焰。当这些涡旋空气继续收紧至类似龙卷风的结构时,可以吸入燃烧中的碎块杂物及可燃气体,从而使旋风点起火焰。

形成

火旋风有一个核心部分,实际上是由火和旋转的空气,不断从外吸收新鲜的氧气到其核心。一般的火龙卷核心,约0.30〜0.91米宽、15到30米高。在适当条件下可以形成大型的火龙卷,达十多米宽,超过300米高。火旋风的核心温度可高达1,090°C,热到足以使潜在重燃灰烬从地上吸起来。在通常情况下,这已经足够可以变成火焰涡流或火龙卷。

对于大多数火龙卷来说,当其燃点起的地上植被释放出来的可燃烧含碳量高气体,能够助长火龙卷。即或这些气体乃因为其他原因而透过燃烧被释放出来,若然被空气涡流吸入,当其身处环境一旦能够提供足够及已达特定温度的氧气时,这些气体就会立即点燃起火,从而形成了火龙卷那高高瘦瘦的核心部分。

现实世界的火旋风一般移动相当缓慢。火龙卷可以使其路径上遇到的物体被点燃,也可以把燃烧中的碎片投掷到其周围环境。由火龙​​卷引起的风也同样危险:大型火龙卷引起的风,其风速可以超过100哩每小时(160千米每小时)。这种风速的强度足以击倒树木。

火龙卷可以持续个多小时,而且往往不能直接扑灭[2]

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火龙卷
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