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火花隙

火花隙

火花隙(英语:spark gap电路中常见符号SG)其组成为两个导体构成的电极,两者之间有一间隙,间隙中可含有气体,比如空气。当两导体之间的电位差高于间隙气体的崩溃电压,此时气体会发生游离,而两导体间会发生电火花,而使其电阻大幅下降。

在游离气体之间的路径尚未中断前会出现电流;此外尚有一最小值的维持电流(holding current),若低于此,电流可能会中断。此情形通常发生在电压下降,然因为气体加热膨胀也可能会导致电流中断。气体游离的过程通常反应剧烈,而产生劈啪声,类似小规模的闪电效果。

历史上,火花间隙常用作电路元件,包括火花隙发送器英语Spark-gap transmitter静电式发电机英语Electrostatic generatorX光机等。今日最广泛的应用是内燃机火星塞,但也用在避雷器及其他防止瞬间高压电流的保护装置上。

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火花隙
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