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盾构法

台北捷运信义线的盾构机

盾构法(中国大陆称作盾构法,香港称作钻挖式隧道,台湾称作潜盾隧道) 是一种建造隧道的方法,这种方法适用在建造软土地层或含水量很高的地层掘进隧道。盾构(shielding)是用于保护地层稳定的掘进机的防护结构,材质为混凝土、铸铁或制。实际上盾构为掘进机提供了工作时的临时支撑。

全断面隧道钻掘机(TBM)(盾构机)施工,称作全断面隧道钻掘工法。历史上两国正是使用此法来穿越英吉利海峡的海床,修建英法海峡隧道

建造程序

建造程序(按图放大观看)
  1. 在起点挖掘出发井及在目的地挖掘回收井
  2. 在出发井安装盾构机
  3. 用钻孔和爆破的方法兴建
  4. 到达回收井
  5. 将盾构机拆散运走


注:如果建造穿山隧道,无需挖掘出发井及回收井

优点

  • 除出发井及回收井处外,居民及路面交通一般不受影响

缺点

  • 可能出现沉降
  • 只可以钻挖深层隧道
  • 遇上复杂的地质时,潜盾机可能卡在其中或是机件损坏,甚至要被迫放弃潜盾机并更改隧道挖掘路线,因而延长工期或提高施工成本
  • 潜盾机移动后,如果基桩连续壁施工不完全,可能引发隧道崩塌与地层下陷

例子

已经完成的工程

兴建中的工程

计划采用盾构法的工程

相关条目

外部链接

参考

  1. ^ 启德雨水转运计划短片-渠务署 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2014-04-16.(粤语)
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盾构法
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