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潘杰希尔山谷

潘杰希尔谷地
潘杰希尔谷地
阿富汗地图,突出显示潘杰希尔

潘杰希尔谷地普什图语/达里语درهٔ پنجشير‎,字面意思为“五狮谷”)是阿富汗中北部的一个山谷,位于兴都库什山脉中央深处,离喀布尔以北150千米(93哩)[1]潘杰希尔山谷绵延近100公里(62哩)长,并有潘杰希尔河流经其中。该山谷的人口为100,000人,是阿富汗最大的塔吉克族聚集地。[2] 2004年4月,它成为潘杰希尔省的一部分,之前是帕尔旺省的一部分。 [3]

历史

1980年至1985年苏阿战争期间,艾哈迈德·沙阿·马苏德击退了阿富汗民主共和国苏联发起的进攻,成功守住潘杰希尔山谷。1996年至2001年塔利班与马苏德指挥下的北方联盟之间的内战期间,塔利班进攻潘杰希尔山谷,不过被北方联盟击退。[4]2021年8月塔利班重新控制阿富汗大部后,阿富汗副总统阿姆鲁拉·萨利赫率军退守潘杰希尔山谷继续抵抗[5][6]9月6日,塔利班控制了潘杰希尔城市。

地理

潘杰希尔山谷一直是一条重要的通道,是兴都库什山脉通向北部平原的和穿过巴达赫尚的必经之路,亚历山大大帝帖木儿都曾通过这里。

经济

公元1世纪,老普林尼就对该地区的祖母绿宝石进行了评论[7]。在中世纪,潘杰希尔是闻名的白银开采和铸币中心。截至1985年,那里发现了超过190克拉(38克)的钻石。现代化道路的建设和无线电塔使山谷居民能够从阿富汗首都喀布尔接收无线电信号,从而引发了山谷的发展热潮[8]。通过修建几座水电大坝,该山谷有可能成为阿富汗的能源中心。2008年4月,在潘杰希尔山谷建造了一个10涡轮风力发电场[9]

参考文献

  1. ^ Afghanistan gets rid of heavy arms in Panjshir. Xinhua. 2005-03-06 [2006-11-22]. (原始内容存档于2006-10-16). 
  2. ^ Afghanistan. Library of Congress Country Studies. Library of Congress. 1997 [2006-11-19]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-16). 
  3. ^ American Forces Press Service. New Afghan Road Offers Gateway to Optimism. archive.defense.gov. U.S. Department of Defense. 5 July 2006 [16 August 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-30) (英语). 
  4. ^ Foreign kayakers surprise Afghans in the Panjshir Valley. The National. August 2, 2016 [2021-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09). 
  5. ^ The Panjshir Valley: what is the main bastion of resistance against the Taliban advance in Afghanistan. Market Research Telecast. 17 August 2021 [2021-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-16). 
  6. ^ As Taliban takes over, one Afghan province is still standing strong - Here's the story of Ahmad Shah Massoud and his bastion Panjshir. Free Press Journal. [2021-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-07) (英语). 
  7. ^ Bowersox, Gary; Lawrence W. Snee; Eugene E. Foord; Robert R. Seal II. Emeralds of the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan. Gems and Gemology (Gemological Society of America). 1991, Spring: 26–39. 
  8. ^ Anderson, John Ward. A Haven of Prosperity in Afghanistan: U.S. Building Effort Blooms in Panjshir. The Washington Post. 2007-09-28: A11 [2007-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-14). 
  9. ^ Power to the People: Getting 'off the grid'. EcoBob. 2008-07-16 [2010-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-23). 
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潘杰希尔山谷
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