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满垒

満垒,是棒球垒球中,除了本垒以外其他的垒上都有跑者。英语称为bases loaded

满垒与战术

满垒时的战术

一般认为满垒时得分的机会很大所以对攻击方来说很有利,但是,因为在同一个垒上不能有两名跑者,若是打出的球落在界内时,所有的跑者会丧失垒的占有权,务必一定要往下个垒包推进。因此守备侧可以往任意一个垒包传球以造成出局或防止对方得分,因此某些情况下对于守备方也是有利的局面。另外,要使强迫取分战术成功的难度也会提高。

虽然说也有3个跑者同时尝试盗垒三重盗(Triple Steal)战术,但是其难度不下于三垒跑者盗本垒。

故意满垒

因为满垒对于守备方有着上述的好处,当三垒有跑者的情况下(三垒、二・三垒、或是一・三垒)、有时会故意造成满垒。此种战术称为故意满垒,特别是常见于再失1分就输球(再见安打)的场面中。执行此战术时,只要打成内野滚地球,就能用较简单的封杀方式来阻止跑者抢分,还可能造成双杀三杀。但要是被打出长打,就可能会失三分,可说是教练的赌注。投手可用故意四坏球或是对打者投出四坏球,使其变成满垒的型态。在著名的‘江夏21球日语江夏の21球’中也可看到。故意满垒时,内野守备会缩小,或者会把外野手其中一人调到内野以应付守备方所期待的滚地球。

满垒全垒打

当满垒时打者击出全垒打可一次得到4分。称为满垒全垒打(或称满贯全垒打满垒打满贯炮大满贯),英语为Grand Slam,是全垒打之中最华丽,也是最高评价的。

挤回一分

当满垒时出现四坏球,含打者的全部跑者都获得一个安全进垒权。因为三垒跑者可以进到本垒所以是攻击方得到1分。称为挤回一分。而该名打者也获得1打点

其他

  • 在满垒时常常击出适时安打的选手一般称为满垒男。如驹田德广、藤井康雄、坂口智隆等。也有所谓的“满垒打击率”来表示选手在满垒时的优良表现。
  • 满垒时将3名跑者全部送回本垒的适时安打也称为清垒打
  • 满垒未能得分,却使三名击球员出局时,称为“留下满垒残垒”,在台湾又戏称为“‘满垒计’中计”。
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满垒
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