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追溯法令

追溯法令拉丁语ex post facto law、溯及既往;德语:Rückwirkung),相对于不溯及既往原则祖父条款,是代表对新制度或新法律被设立前已发生或已裁决的案件,以该新法进行再审判的权力。

刑法中,追溯法令可能会令新法成立前已进行的合法活动遭到起诉,或加重已经被判决案件的被告人刑事责任(一般禁止法律如此应用);反之,遭到起诉或裁决的案件亦可能会受惠于追溯法令,而获撤销起诉或减刑(例如中国大陆澳门)。此情况常见于废除死刑的国家或地区改为对已判死的罪犯执行终生监禁或更轻的刑罚。[1]

注释

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  1. ^ Westen, Peter. Lex Mitior: Converse of ex post facto and window into criminal desert. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal. May 2015: 167–213. doi:10.1525/nclr.2015.18.2.167. 

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追溯法令
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