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准素分解

交换代数中,准素分解将一个交换环理想(或的子模)唯一地表成准素理想(或准素子模)之交。这是算术基本定理的推广,能用以处理代数几何中的情况。

陈述

为交换诺特环 为有限生成之 -模。对任一子模 ,存在有限多个准素子模 使得

事实上,可以要求此分解是最小的(即:无法省去任何 ),且诸准素子模 对应到的素理想彼此相异。满足上述条件的准素分解是唯一确定的。

最常见的情形是取 ,并取 为一理想。任取一准素分解 ,这些 中的极小者称为 孤立素理想,否则称为镶嵌素理想;孤立素理想是 的一组不变量。

几何意义

在几何上, 的孤立素理想对应到仿射概形 的闭子集 之不可约成分。

历史

伊曼纽·拉斯克在1905年证明了多项式环的情形。埃米·诺特在1921年证明上述的推广版本。职是之故,准素分解的存在性也被称为拉斯克-诺特定理

文献

  • M.F. Atiyah, I.G. Macdonald, Introduction to commutative algebra , Addison-Wesley (1969)
  • O. Zariski, P. Samuel, Commutative algebra, Volume 1 and 2, Springer (1975)
  • N. Bourbaki, Elements of mathematics. Commutative algebra , Addison-Wesley (1972)
  • V. T. Markov, Primary Decomposition, Hazewinkel, Michiel (编), 数学百科全书, Springer, 2001, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4 
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准素分解
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