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准平原

马士河流经法国亚尔丁准平原
圣阿莱舒-达雷斯陶拉桑葡萄牙阿连特茹准平原

准平原是指地壳隆起后若能获得较长时间的稳定,或仅有轻微的地壳运动,则地面经过悠久的侵蚀作用后,使得后来的山地高原逐渐夷平,终于变成一个接近海平面的平坦地形面。

地面之起伏若不受隆起运动等之影响,因各种营力之侵蚀,最后形成小起伏的单调地表,称为准平原。最先采用准平原一词者为威廉·莫里斯·戴维斯,他于1900年代发表此概念,意为Almost a Plain,代表地形轮回之最末期。其后,瓦尔特·彭克倡导原始准平原学说,认为地形轮回最初期,因地表抬升缓慢,甚至不及地表侵蚀率,亦可造成准平原。

准平原化作用会造成准平原之作用,河流侵蚀为主要营力,而在波浪侵蚀或风力侵蚀旺盛的地区亦会产生准平原,准平原的地表为波状的小起伏,其上常有厚层原积土及残丘,侵蚀基准面与其表面几可相吻合。

类型

单纯准平原

单纯准平原为常见的准平原类型。

上升准平原

上升准平原为一面上升,一面准平原化的准平原地形。

复活准平原

复活准平原为原本的准平原因地盘下降而被埋积,而后因地盘再隆起而重现之。

交切准平原

为新旧准平原相邻的准平原地形。

参考资料

中华百科全书页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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准平原
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