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源行家

日语写法
日语原文源 行家
假名みなもと の ゆきいえ
平文式罗马字Minamoto no Yukiie

源行家(1145年—1186年)是日本平安时代末期的一名武将。出生河内源氏,是源为义的第十子,也是源义朝和源义贤的弟弟。因此按照辈分来说是源赖朝木曾义仲的叔父。人称新宫十郎十郎藏人

源行家原名义盛,其同胞妹妹鸟居禅尼是在熊野三山担任要职的行范的妻子。由于住在熊野新宫,被人称为新宫十郎。在1159年的平治之乱中,源义盛参加了兄长义朝的叛乱军。战败后成功逃回熊野并隐居20余年。1180年(治承4年),后白河法皇的第三皇子以仁王向各地的源氏发出举兵讨伐平家令旨。摄津源氏的源赖政召义盛出山,补八条院藏人一职,并改名“行家”。从此以后被人称为十郎藏人。

源行家劝说侄儿源赖朝起兵反对平家,但后来却同赖朝的部下不和。1181年(养和元年),行家同平家方面的平重衡墨俣川交战,行家大败,逃往三河国矢作川,随后投奔赖朝。行家向赖朝请求领地,但被赖朝拒绝;因此投奔木曾义仲麾下。

1183年,源行家同木曾义仲麾下的楯亲忠带兵防御位于能登国志雄山的平家军。随后木曾在俱利伽罗峠之战中大败平家,取道宇治川,与木曾义仲进入京都谒见后白河法皇。行家与义仲争夺拜谒的顺序,被封为从五位下备后守;但行家不愿要备后国,改封备前守。法皇没收了平家的土地,赏赐给行家和义仲。

木曾义仲的部下在京都胡作非为,引起了法皇公卿的不满。源行家意识到了这一点。当时平家的势力在屋岛站稳了脚跟,为了避免惹祸上身,行家自请率兵征讨西国的平家。在播磨国的室山被平知盛平重衡击败,逃往和泉国

次年源赖朝派遣源范赖源义经攻灭木曾义仲的势力,召行家回京。此后源行家同源义经关系亲密,但是同赖朝有矛盾。行家以和泉国河内国河内源氏的发源地)为中心,建立了自己的半独立式根据地。

1185年,平家在坛之浦之战中灭亡后,源行家同源义经结盟,后白河法皇也下达了讨伐源赖朝的院宣。然而支持行家的武士很少,不久以后源赖朝率军上洛,反将源行家和源义经封为朝敌。行家和义经试图逃往西国以寻求平家余党的支持,但在大物浦遭到了暴风雨的袭击而失败。源赖朝的追兵随后赶到,行家藏匿在和泉国近木乡的在厅日向权守清实(后畠中城)的屋敷中。翌年被当地人告发,为北条时定的部下逮捕,同次子家光、三子行赖一起被斩首。

参考资料

[编辑]
  • Sansom, George (1958). 'A History of Japan to 1334'. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.
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源行家
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