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温带阔叶混交林

温带阔叶混交林的分布范围
位于中国云南迪庆州的温带阔叶混交林。

温带阔叶混交林是一种温带陆地生物群系,位于阔叶英语Broadleaf生态区,和针叶树与阔叶树的针叶混交林生态区。

“温带阔叶混交林”这一术语,由世界自然基金会(WWF)使用,在全球生物地理学中,作为组织生态区的生物群落之一。[1]

生态

这些森林的典型结构包括四个层次。最上层是由30至61米(100至200英尺)高的成年树木组成的林冠。林冠下面是三层耐阴下层植被,比林冠大约矮9.1至15.2米(30至50英尺)。下层植被的顶层是子林冠,由较小的成年树、树苗和发育不全的未成年林冠层树组成,它们只能等待林冠漏下的阳光。子林冠下面是由长在低处的木本植物组成的灌木层英语Shrub layer。通常长在最低处的(同时也是最多样化的)层是地被植物英语ground cover草本层英语herbaceous layer

树种

在北半球,该生物群系中典型的优势阔叶英语Broadleaf树种包括橡树(栎属)、山毛榉(水青冈属)、枫树(枫属)和桦树(桦木属)。[2]而叫做“混交林”是因为在某些森林中,针叶树也是林冠的组成部分。典型的针叶树包括:松树(松属),冷杉(冷杉属)和云杉(云杉属)。在该生物群系的某些地区,针叶树可能是比阔叶树种更重要的林冠树种。在南半球,地方性树种如南青冈属桉属占据着这一生物群系。

气候

温带阔叶英语Broadleaf混交林出现冷暖交替明显的区域,这样会有一个适度的年平均温度——3至15.6 °C(37.4至60.1 °F)。这些森林的气候相对温暖和多雨,有时也有明显的旱季。在东亚地区旱季发生在冬天,而在地中海气候地区的潮湿边缘则发生在夏季。其他区域,像美国中部、东北部和加拿大东南部,降雨分布相当均匀;年降雨量通常超过600 mm(24英寸),且经常超过1,500 mm(59英寸)。温度往往温和,除了亚洲部分地区,如滨海边疆区。温带森林仍然会出现在那里,尽管那里的冬天非常寒冷,条件非常恶劣。

生态区

澳大拉西亚

Template:澳新界温带阔叶混交林英语Template:Australasia temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

欧亚大陆

Template:东洋界温带阔叶混交林英语Template:Indomalaya temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

Template:古北界温带阔叶混交林英语Template:Paleartic temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

美洲

Template:新北界温带阔叶混交林英语Template:Nearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

Template:新热带界温带阔叶混交林英语Template:Neotropic temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ WWF.org:温带阔叶混交林. [2016-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-09) (英语). 
  2. ^ 世界自然基金会:温带阔叶混交林生态区. (原始内容存档于2006-11-07) (英语). 

外部链接

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温带阔叶混交林
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