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渐近分析

渐近分析(asymptotic analysis、asymptotics),在数学分析中是一种描述函数在极限附近的行为的方法。有多个科学领域应用此方法。例子如下:

最简单的例子如下:考虑一个函数,我们需要了解当变得非常大的时候的性质。

,在特别大的时候,第二项比起第一项要小很多。

于是对于这个函数,有如下断言:“的情况下与渐近等价”,记作

渐近等价

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定义:给定关于自然数的复函数

命题表明(使用小o符号

或(等价记法)

这说明,对所有正常数,存在常量,使得对于所有的

不是0或者趋于无穷大时,该命题可等价记作

渐近等价是一个关于的函数的集合上的等价关系。非正式地,函数的等价类包含所有在极限情况下近似等于的函数

渐近展开

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函数的渐近展开是它的一种级数展开。这种展开的部分和未必收敛,但每一个部分和都表示的一个渐近表示式。例子:斯特灵公式

相关条目

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参考注释

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外部链接

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渐近分析
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