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拉深

拉深示意图
样品

拉深深抽成型深冲是将金属板坯料的外缘部分转移到制件侧壁,使板料或浅的空心工序件成为空心件或深的空心件的冲压工序[1]。拉伸作为主要的冲压工序之一,应用广泛。用拉伸工艺可以制成圆筒形、矩形、阶梯形、球形、锥形、抛物线形及其他不规则形状的薄壁零件,如果与其他冲压成形工艺配合,还可制造形状更为复杂的零件[2]

名称

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拉深这种工序曾称为拉延、引伸、延伸、压延等,现国家标准定名为拉深。[3]

工艺

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与其他拉拔工艺不同,拉深的零件深度可以超过其坯料的原始直径。深拉伸的纵向长度最多为零件截面内径的5倍。零件纵向长度越长,则金属板材越厚,否则加工过程中会出现表面撕裂,因为在拉伸过程中,金属板材厚度会逐渐减小。[4]

拉深通常与其他多种工艺组合使用,包括:翻边﹑胀形﹑扩口﹑缩口等。[5]

一般冲压件对材料的要求[6]
冲压件类别 最大抗拉强度σb
[N/mm2]
伸长率δ
[%]
硬度 HRB
浅拉深和成形 430 13~27 64~74
拉深成形 380 24~36 52~64
深拉深成形 340 33~45 48~52
拉力和减少比关系 [千牛][7]
材料 减少百分比
39% 43% 47% 50%
88 101 113 126
黄铜 117 134 151 168
冷轧钢 127 145 163 181
不锈钢 166 190 214 238

参考文献

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  1. ^ DIN 8584-3 拉压成形加工工艺.第3部分:深拉.分类、细分类、术语和定义
  2. ^ 深拉伸冲压成型工艺. kanou group. [2018-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-18). 
  3. ^ 张如华, 赵向阳, 章跃荣. 第4章 拉深. 冲压工艺与模具设计. 清华大学出版社. 2006. ISBN 9787302123415. 
  4. ^ 锻压世界. 金属深拉深介绍. 搜狐科技. [2018-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-18). 
  5. ^ DEEP DRAW PROCESS. trans-matic. [2018-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-06). 
  6. ^ 金属冷冲压件 通用技术条件 JB/T 4378.2-1999 (PDF). 中华人民共和国机械行业标准. 国家机械工业局. 1999-06-24 [2018-04-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-04-27). 
  7. ^ Todd, Allen & Alting 1994,第288页.
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拉深
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