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淮安城

淮安城,又称山阳城[1],位于中国江苏省淮安市淮安区。明清时,为淮安府城山阳县附郭。城池原由旧城、新城、夹城三城组成,是中国仅有的三城相连的古代城池。民间称之为“铁打的淮城”[2]

民国之前,所称淮阴城亦是淮安城[3]

历史

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东晋义熙年间,设山阳郡。郡治山阳城在今洪泽区岔河镇附近,何时移至淮安城,尚待考证[1]。淮安城的建筑史最早追溯到,东晋永和五年(349年),时任守将荀羡所筑城池[2]。或认为,永和年间所筑城池在何处,尚难明断[1]。唐朝上元二年(675年)、大中十年(860年),先后两次修葺城墙。南宋时,为军事重镇,故有多次修葺。明初,城墙外加包砖。城周10里,东西南北各有城门,分别为瞻岱门(东城门),迎薰门(南城门),庆城门(西城门),承恩门(北城门)。此为旧城。旧城为棋盘式街巷格局[2]。共有39条街、77条巷、20个坊和17个市[1]

元末,张士诚部将史文炳驻守淮安,在旧城以北筑土城。明代洪武后,逐渐增筑。此为新城,城周7里。明代嘉靖三十九年(1560年),倭寇犯境,始建联城,俗称夹城。明万历年间、清乾隆年间,多次修整[1]。清以来,漕运总督移驻清江浦,公署多驻清江浦。1958年后,淮安城墙逐渐拆除,砖石用作铺路材料[1],现仅存一段长约500米的旧城土垣。

淮安城共有水关九处。旧城水关三处,西水关现名为矶心闸;北水关;巽关。新城水关二处,北水关即古末口;南水关。联城水关四处,东南水关亦曰巽关。共有两条贯穿旧城、联城、新城的城内河流,分别是市河、文渠[2]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 淮阴市志上册》第 一 卷》第二章 治 所 公 署》第一节 历代主要治所、第二节 城 池. 淮安地情网. [2022-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-13) (简体中文). [山阳郡治]晋义熙七年,置山阳郡于山阳城(位于今白马湖北侧岔河镇附近)。宋、齐、梁、陈沿袭,其间郡治北移,然何时移至今淮安城,尚得考证。[……][淮安城]旧志载,东晋穆帝永和八年(352年)始筑山阳城。然而当时山阳城筑于何处,尚难明断。较明确的是,隋唐就有楚州城(后来称为淮安旧城)。南宋孝宗时[……]街道方正,形如棋盘。城内共有39条街、77条巷、20个坊和17个市。[……]本世纪50年代,淮安城被拆毁,砖石大都用作铺路材料。 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 董树华. 明清时期淮安城池街巷格局与特色. 2021-04-01 [2022-06-11] (简体中文). 
  3. ^ 星辰. 碑碣中的“淮阴城”. 文史淮安全球资讯网. 2019-07-28 [2022-06-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-05) (简体中文). 


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淮安城
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