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淮安城.
淮安城,又称山阳城[1],位于中国江苏省淮安市淮安区。明清时,为淮安府城,山阳县附郭。城池原由旧城、新城、夹城三城组成,是中国仅有的三城相连的古代城池。民间称之为“铁打的淮城”[2]。
民国之前,所称淮阴城亦是淮安城[3]。
东晋义熙年间,设山阳郡。郡治山阳城在今洪泽区岔河镇附近,何时移至淮安城,尚待考证[1]。淮安城的建筑史最早追溯到,东晋永和五年(349年),时任守将荀羡所筑城池[2]。或认为,永和年间所筑城池在何处,尚难明断[1]。唐朝上元二年(675年)、大中十年(860年),先后两次修葺城墙。南宋时,为军事重镇,故有多次修葺。明初,城墙外加包砖。城周10里,东西南北各有城门,分别为瞻岱门(东城门),迎薰门(南城门),庆城门(西城门),承恩门(北城门)。此为旧城。旧城为棋盘式街巷格局[2]。共有39条街、77条巷、20个坊和17个市[1]。
元末,张士诚部将史文炳驻守淮安,在旧城以北筑土城。明代洪武后,逐渐增筑。此为新城,城周7里。明代嘉靖三十九年(1560年),倭寇犯境,始建联城,俗称夹城。明万历年间、清乾隆年间,多次修整[1]。清以来,漕运总督移驻清江浦,公署多驻清江浦。1958年后,淮安城墙逐渐拆除,砖石用作铺路材料[1],现仅存一段长约500米的旧城土垣。
淮安城共有水关九处。旧城水关三处,西水关现名为矶心闸;北水关;巽关。新城水关二处,北水关即古末口;南水关。联城水关四处,东南水关亦曰巽关。共有两条贯穿旧城、联城、新城的城内河流,分别是市河、文渠[2]。
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| | | 都城 | | |
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| 府城 | |
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| 州城 | |
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| 县城 | 原江宁府 | 句容城墙 | 溧水城墙 | 江浦城墙 | 六合城墙 | 高淳城墙 |
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| 原苏州府 | 吴江、震泽城墙 | 常熟、昭文城墙 | 昆山、新阳城墙 |
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| 原常州府 | |
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| 原镇江府 | 丹阳城墙 | 溧阳城墙 | 金坛城墙 |
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| 原淮安府 | 阜宁城墙 | 盐城城墙 | 清河城墙 | 安东城墙 | 桃源城墙 |
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| 原扬州府 | |
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| 原徐州府 | 丰县城墙 | 沛县城墙 | 宿迁城墙 | 睢宁城墙 |
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| 原海州 | 赣榆城墙 | 沭阳城墙 |
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| 原通州 | |
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| 原泗州 | 盱眙城墙省 |
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| 所城 | 淮安卫 | 东海所城墙 |
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| 镇海卫 | 刘河堡所城墙(清代坍没入海) |
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| 注:1.泗州城墙指古泗州城,康熙十九年(1680)陷入洪泽湖,后一度寄治盱眙县,乾隆四十二年(1777)以虹县县城为新泗州城,并裁撤虹县归泗州。2.标注 国 者全部或部分为全国重点文物保护单位,标注 省 者全部或部分为江苏省文物保护单位。 |
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