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润滑剂

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润滑剂是介入十运动物体表面,从而减少摩擦力以及磨损,达到提高效率的物质,通常为液体。最常见的工业用的用于保护机械内部的运动部件,通常是石油制品。另有供医用或性行为使用的人体润滑剂,这类润滑剂通常属于水性。

历史

润滑剂的使用已有数千年历史。在公元前 1400 年的战车车轴上就发现了钙皂。在金字塔时代,建筑石材是在浸油的木材上滑动的。在罗马时代,润滑剂以橄榄油和菜籽油以及动物脂肪为基础。随着金属机械的使用,工业革命加速了润滑的发展。此类机械的需求最初依赖天然油,但在 20 世纪 00 年代初期转向石油基材料。正如真空油公司所描述的那样,石油真空蒸馏技术的发展取得了突破。该技术可以净化非常不挥发的物质,这些物质在许多润滑剂中很常见。[1]

种类

润滑剂可以是粉状固体(如石墨MoS2[2]、固体/液体的分散系、液体、液体/液体的分散系润滑脂),偶尔也会用气体作为润滑剂。

润滑脂的散热性不如润滑油,所以只能在低速运动的部件中使用。

润滑添加剂(Lubricant Additives)是润滑剂中的成分之一。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Don M. Pirro; Martin Webster; Ekkehard Daschner. Lubrication Fundamentals Third Edition, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4987-5290-9.  (print) ISBN 978-1-4987-5291-6 (eBook)
  2. ^ Applications of Solid Lubrication. [2015-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-17). 

来源

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润滑剂
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