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涡电流

涡电流(Eddy Current,又称为傅科电流[1])现象,在1851年被法国物理学家莱昂·傅科所发现。是由于一个移动的磁场金属导体相交,或是由移动的金属导体磁场垂直交会所产生,但在理想匀强磁场中不会产生涡流[2]。简而言之,就是电磁感应效应所造成。这个动作产生了一个在导体内循环的电流

磁场变化越快,感应电动势就越大,涡流就越强;涡流能使导体发热。在磁场发生变化的装置中,往往把导体分成一组相互绝缘的薄片或一束细条,以降低涡流强度,从而减少能量的损耗;但在需要产生高温时,又可以利用涡流取得热量,如高频电炉原理。

涡电流可以应用在无损检测与监看多种金属制品的结构,如飞机机身与零件的表面及近表面的检测等。

在划的时候,带起水面的局部漩涡,也是一种类似涡电流的情形。

历史

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  • 1824年,法国弗朗索瓦·阿拉戈第一个观察到涡电流并称为旋转磁现象,同时提出了大多数导体可能已经被磁化的说法。
  • 1855年,法国物理学家莱昂·傅科通过铜片在磁场旋转实验证实涡电流的存在,并记录了涡电流产热的现象。
  • 1879年,涡电流第一次被用到了无损检测中。

应用

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电磁涡流效应的利用装置有涡流加热装置(如电磁炉)及涡流传感器等,避免涡流发热的装置有变压器铁芯等。

相关词条

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Donald G. Fink; Donald Christiansen. Electronics engineers' handbook. McGraw-Hill. 1 January 1989. ISBN 978-0-07-020982-4. 
  2. ^ Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping | Physics II. courses.lumenlearning.com. [2020-11-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-28). 
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涡电流
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