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海退 .
地质横剖面显示在海退和海进时,岩相的移动 海退 是一种地质 事件,在此期间,海平面 相对于陆地下降,海底区域暴露在海平面以上。[1] 海退通常形成地层的海退序列,沉积物由下至上由细变粗或由碳酸盐岩变为碎屑岩,海相沉积逐渐演变成海陆交互相沉积和陆相沉积。[2]
海退被认为导致或促成了几次大规模灭绝,在地球历史上最大的灭绝事件二叠纪-三叠纪灭绝事件 期间,全球海平面下降了250米。在更新世 冰期期间,海洋海退和冰川期之间存在着明显的相关性。随着全球冰层和水圈之间的平衡发生变化,地球冰层中的水越多,海洋中的水就越少。在18000年前的最后一个冰河时代 的高峰时期,全球海平面比今天低120到130米。大约600万年前的一次小冰期与海退以及地中海盆地墨西拿盐度危机 的开始有关。[3]
海退可能与泛大陆 的形成有关,所有主要陆块聚集成一个整体可能会促进海退,因为随着各大洲的合并,海盆会略微扩大。然而,这一原因不可能适用于所有甚至许多其他情况。目前尚未对主要海洋海退有明确的解释。根据一种假设,海退可能与海底扩张放缓有关,因为大洋中脊 将占用更少的空间。[4]
参考文献
^ Monroe, James Stewart, and Reed Wicander. Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth. Fifth edition; Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005; p. 162.
^ 宋春青. 地质学基础. 高等教育出版社. 1978: 165–166. ISBN 9787116058675 (中文(中国大陆)) .
^ Courtillot, Vincent. Evolutionary Catastrophes: The Science of Mass Extinction. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999; p. 89.
^ Ward, Peter D. Rivers in Time: The Search for Clues to Earth's Mass Extinctions. New York, Columbia University Press, 2000; p. 77.
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