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洪圣庙

香港湾仔洪圣古庙石额

洪圣庙(又称洪圣宫、洪圣王庙、南海神祠洪圣古庙)为祭拜海神洪圣的庙宇。

寺庙源流

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北宋海上贸易鼎盛,珠三角海运发达,码头遍布,民众为保航船平安而加多参拜南海神,民间为便祭拜而始多兴建南海神的离宫,此时南海神被封为洪圣王。这些离宫甚少称南海神庙,多称洪圣宫、洪圣庙、南海神祠,以别于南海神庙(大庙)叫法[1]。截至1949年前,广东一带的南海神庙,包含洪圣庙、广利庙等,不下于500座,远远超过同期天后庙的数目。在南海番禺两县就有100多座,有的乡多至8座,佛山镇内有4座,顺德县清代就有14座[2]。到千禧年以后,不完全统计在广府一带沿海地区、珠江三角洲地区还有二百多座洪圣王庙。

神诞

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早期香港坪洲大多数都是出海捕鱼的渔民聚居,渔民西面供奉天后、东面则供奉海神洪圣爷,每年农历二月十三日为洪圣爷诞(洪圣王诞或洪圣宫诞),南粤不少地方均有大型庆祝活动。由清乾隆年间至1950年,广州番禺的冈尾社十八乡都会举办洪圣王出会[3][注 1]

而广州河南土华村的洪圣王诞则是农历二月初九举办,传说土华的洪圣王和黄埔南海神庙中供奉的广利洪圣王是两兄弟。土华洪圣王排行第三,脾气倔而被称为“硬颈三”。黄埔洪圣王是大哥,二哥供奉在顺德。农历二月十一为南海神庙波罗诞,土华的诞会因而有小波罗诞之称[4]

洪圣其人

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洪圣,专称南海洪圣大王,又称洪圣爷或赤帝。是中国南方有名的神祇。洪圣原名洪熙,是唐代广州刺史,他为官清廉,一袖清风, 致力推广学习天文地理以惠泽商旅及渔民。洪熙过世后曾被封“洪圣”至宋代则被封为“南海洪圣广利王”,成为了渔民守护神。

参见

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备注

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  1. ^ 活动之后受政治变化影响而停滞,出会所用神楼先保留于番禺石楼,后筹建广东民间工艺馆被征集转去陈家祠存放,于1959-1964年在广州陈氏书院中展出。1964年展览结束,神楼一直存于库房,直至2016年再度保养展出。

参考来源

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外部链接

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洪圣庙
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