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洗儿礼

洗儿礼,是汉字文化圈婴儿出生后第一次洗澡的传统仪式。在古代,婴儿出生后并不会立即洗澡,而是出生三日后才洗澡,除洗澡外,还有拜祭产神的仪式。

中国

婴儿出生三天要以母亲婚嫁带来的浴盆为新生儿洗澡,故又称洗三洗三朝。洗澡水以桂花心和柑叶煮沸,浴盆内放三块小石子,以及旧钱十二文,小石子取意头壳坚硬,小钱取意财气。然后将供拜后的油饭,送至婴儿母亲的娘家,报告外祖父母他们有了外孙的喜讯,称为“报酒”,婆家要回送各种食物补品。同时,也要将鸡、酒、油饭分送给左邻右舍,以答谢他们赠送过贺礼。他们须赠少许白米,米上置一红纸,纸上放“油头饭”(油饭上面部分)作为回礼,并附几个小石子或几粒黑豆,取意头壳坚硬,祝婴儿健康。这个回赠的礼俗称为“嘳盘”。

日本

日本称为产汤(日语:産湯),所用的水会加入来为婴儿驱除病害。母亲在这天还会制作“产饭”,是把一米煮成饭,然后舀在茶碗里弄得高高,向产神祈求婴儿一生饱食无忧,供拜后的产饭会放在新生儿床边,并会由母亲、产婆以及附近来到贺的妇孺享用,整个过程不会有成年男性参与[1]。这天也是产妇可以离开产屋日语忌み小屋搬回主屋的日子。

朝鲜半岛

朝鲜半岛,这天母亲要先用艾草泡的水洗澡,然后再用温水为新生儿洗澡,持续两天。第一天要从上至下洗,第二天下往上洗,人们相信这样小孩才会发育良好。这天开始家人才可以出入产妇的房间,有些人会在这天收起给产神的供品[2]

参考资料

参见

  • 弥月:有关婴儿满一个月的习俗
  • 百日庆
  • 周岁庆朝鲜语돌잔치
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洗儿礼
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