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河曲马

河曲马
秦军兵马俑的马俑就是河曲马的雕塑

河曲马,原名“吐谷浑马”,牠们是和内蒙古三河马以及新疆伊犁马齐名的中国三大马种,河曲马生长于中国青海、甘肃和四川交界的青藏高原,由于位处又是黄河上游第一河曲处,故于1954年改名为“河曲马”。

体型和习性

若按西方的标准,河曲马祇算是小型马或矮脚马,图中所见和人相比,河曲马并不高大

河曲马的雄马肩高平均大约137厘米而雌马平均大约132厘米,若按西方的标准祇算是小型马或矮种马,其毛色以黑毛、粟毛、青毛较多,其他毛色较少。

河曲马习性温驯,耐力持久而气力中等,一只成年马大约可拉动370公斤的重物,可日行50公里,由于牠们原本就是高原动物故可适应高原寒冷多变的自然环境。

雄马可最多有30至33年寿命而雌马26至28年,牠们可作骑乘的战马或拉车的挽马。

历史

秦兵马俑

河曲马的祖先就是生活在青藏高原的草原野马,西戎羌族是第一批把河曲马驯化成为家马的游牧民族,之后秦人从西戎羌族那里得到河曲马,河曲马在秦军对中原六国的统一战争当中作用重大,最终令秦人建立第一个统一中国的秦朝秦始皇陵兵马俑当中的马俑就是河曲马的雕塑。

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河曲马
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