For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 氯乙酰氯.

氯乙酰氯

氯乙酰氯
IUPAC名
Chloroacetyl chloride
英文名 Chloroacetyl chloride
识别
CAS号 79-04-9  checkY
PubChem 6577
ChemSpider 13856283
SMILES
 
  • C(C(=O)Cl)Cl
InChI
 
  • 1/C2H2Cl2O/c3-1-2(4)5/h1H2
InChIKey VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYAB
EINECS 201-171-6
KEGG C14859
性质
化学式 C2H2Cl2O
摩尔质量 112.94 g·mol−1
外观 无色至黄色液体
密度 1.42 g/mL
熔点 -22 °C(251 K)
沸点 106 °C(379 K)
溶解性 反应
蒸气压 19 mmHg (20°C)[1]
危险性
欧盟分类 有毒 T 有害环境物质 N 腐蚀性 C
闪点 不可燃
PEL [1]
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氯乙酰氯氯乙酸酰氯衍生物,化学式为CH2ClCOCl。它是一种双官能团化合物,作为合成砌块(building block)使用。

制备

工业上,氯乙酰氯可以通过二氯甲烷羰基化反应英语Carbonylation制备,或者是1,1-二氯乙烯的氧化反应,也可以利用烯酮的氯化反应得到。[2]其它方法还有氯乙酸氯化亚砜五氯化磷光气的反应。

化学性质

氯乙酰氯作为一种双官能团化合物,其酰氯端可以很容易地形成[3]酰胺,另一端可以形成等官能团。例如氯乙酰氯在利多卡因的合成中的使用:[4]

应用

氯乙酰氯的主要用途是作为甲草胺丁草胺生产过程中的中间体,每年估计使用1亿磅。还有一部分氯乙酰氯用于生产2-氯苯乙酮(苯乙酰氯),另一种可用于生产催泪瓦斯的中间体。[2]氯化铝催化剂,苯的傅-克酰基化反应可以制备2-氯苯乙酮[5]

安全

和其它酰氯一样,氯乙酰氯可以和其他质子化合物如反应,生成刺激性的氯化氢气体。

美国职业安全与健康管理局英语Occupational Safety and Health Administration没有设定规定的允许暴露的限值,但美国国家职业安全卫生研究所设立的标准是每天工作8小时,建议曝露限值英语recommended exposure limit不超过0.05 ppm。[6]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0120. NIOSH. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Paul R. Worsham. 15. Halogenated Derivatives. Zoeller, Joseph R.; Agreda, V. H. (编). Acetic acid and its derivatives (Google Books excerpt). New York: M. Dekker. 1993: 288–298. ISBN 0-8247-8792-7. 
  3. ^ Robert H. Baker and Frederick G. Bordwell (1955). "tert-Butyl acetate". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 3. 
  4. ^ T. J. Reilly. The Preparation of Lidocaine. J. Chem. Ed. 1999, 76 (11): 1557 [2017-08-08]. doi:10.1021/ed076p1557. (原始内容存档于2009-08-07). 
  5. ^ Nathan Levin and Walter H. Hartung (1955). "ω-Chloroisonitrosoacetophenone". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 3: 191. 
  6. ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 [2017-08-08]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-09). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
氯乙酰氯
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?