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毛利语

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毛利语
reo Māori
发音[ˈmaːɔɾi];listen
母语国家和地区 新西兰
 库克群岛
 纽埃
区域波利尼西亚
母语使用人数
100,000-160,000 (估计)
语系
官方地位
作为官方语言 新西兰 库克群岛
管理机构Maori Language Commission
语言代码
ISO 639-1mi
ISO 639-2mao (B)
mri (T)
ISO 639-3mri
ELPMāori
濒危程度
联合国教科文组织认定的濒危语言[1]
脆弱UNESCO
毛利语使用人口的分布,根据2013年调查结果
  少于 5%
  多于 5%
  多于 10%
  多于 20%
  多于 30%
  多于 40%
  多于 50%

毛利语(毛利语:Māori,也被称为te reo,“语言”之意)是新西兰原住民毛利人语言、也是新西兰的三种官方语言之一,另两种是英语新西兰手语。毛利人从太平洋诸岛来到新西兰之后、语音基本上变化很少,基本上各地的人都可以沟通无碍。

语音系统

元音

前元音 央元音 后元音
闭元音 i u [ʉ]
半开元音 e [ɛ] o [ɔ]
开元音 a

辅音

双唇音 齿龈音 软腭音 声门音
不送气塞音 p t k
擦音 wh
[f, ɸ, ʍ]
h
鼻音 m n ng
[ŋ]
闪音 r
[r, ɾ]
半元音 w

文字

毛利人原来没有文字,后来英国移民来到,采用拉丁字母拼写毛利语言,毛利语只有15个字母,分别如下:

当中“R”是颤音、“Wh”基本上发/f/音或/ɸ/音、但北部亦有发/h/音或/ʍ/的。

方言

毛利语亦有地区性的方言,比较普遍的有 Tainui 和 Waikato 方言。


日历

星期 直译用法 官方用法
礼拜一 Mane Rāhina
礼拜二 Tūrei Rātū
礼拜三 Wenerei Rāapa
礼拜四 Tāite Rāpare
礼拜五 Paraire Rāmere
礼拜六 Rāhoroi/Hāterei Rāhoroi
礼拜天 Rātapu/Wiki Rātapu
月份 直译用法 官方用法
一月 Hānuere Kohi-tātea
二月 Pēpuere Hui-tanguru
三月 Māehe Poutū-te-rangi
四月 Āperira Paenga-whāwhā
五月 Mei Haratua
六月 Hune Pipiri
七月 Hūrae Hōngongoi
八月 Ākuhata Here-turi-kōkā
九月 Hepetema Mahuru
十月 Oketopa Whiringa-ā-nuku
十一月 Noema Whiringa-ā-rangi
十二月 Tīhema Hakihea


日常用语

Kia Ora: 你好

Morena: 早安

Po marie: 晚安

Ko wai tō ingoa: 你叫什么名字?

Ko___tōku ingoa: 我的名字是___

No___ahau: 我在___来

Haere mai: 欢迎

Haere ra: 再会

范例

Ko te katoa o ngā tāngata i te whanaungatanga mai e wātea ana i ngā here katoa; e tauriterite ana hoki ngā mana me ngā tika. E whakawhiwhia ana hoki ki a rātou te ngākau whai whakaaro me te hinengaro mōhio ki te tika me te hē, ā e tika ana kia meinga te mahi a tētahi ki tētahi me ma roto atu i te wairua o te noho tahi, anō he teina he tuakana i ringa i te whakaaro kotahi.

汉译:人皆生而自由;在尊严及权利上均各平等。人各赋有理性良知,诚应和睦相处,情同手足。(《世界人权宣言》第一条)

参考文献

引用

文献

  • Biggs, Bruce (1994). Does Māori have a closest relative? In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 96–105.
  • Biggs, Bruce (1998). Let's Learn Māori. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
  • Biggs, Bruce. 1988. Towards the study of Maori dialects. In Ray Harlow and Robin Hooper, eds. VICAL 1: Oceanic languages. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian linguistics. Auckland, New Zealand. January 1988, Part I. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand.
  • Bauer, Winifred (1997). Reference Grammar of Māori. Auckland: Reed.
  • Bauer, Winifred. 1993. Maori. Routledge. Series: Routledge descriptive grammars.
  • Clark, Ross (1994). Moriori and Māori: The Linguistic Evidence. In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 123–135.
  • Harlow, Ray. 1996. Maori. LINCOM Europa.
  • Harlow, Ray (1994). Māori Dialectology and the Settlement of New Zealand. In Sutton (ed.)(1994), pp. 106–122.
  • Sutton, Douglas G. (编). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. 1994: 269 [2010-06-10]. ISBN 1869400984. (原始内容存档于2011-05-11). 

参阅

外部链接

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毛利语
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