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比钦大斧

约克郡一条废弃的铁路桥
改造成自行车道的铁路

比钦大斧(英语:Beeching cutsBeeching Axe)指的是1960年代英国铁路局大规模削减铁路设施的一场行动。是次行动是基于英国物理学家暨工程师理查德·比钦(Richard Beeching)的两份报告,即《英国铁路的重构》(The Reshaping of British Railways,1963)和《主要铁路线路的发展》(The Development of the Major Railway Trunk Routes,1965)实施的。

比钦的第一份报告中指出有2,363座铁路车站和5,000英里(8,000千米)铁路线路需要关闭,第二份则是要求对少部分主要铁路线路投入更多资金。虽然有很多人反对第一份报告,但报告中列出的大部分站台和路线最后还是关闭了。其中只有小部分后来重开,另有些短途铁路作为观光铁路继续运营。

背景

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1961年的班科里铁路站(Banchory railway station),该站在1966年关停

19世纪的铁路狂热导致英国的铁路系统迅速发展,一战前的巅峰时期线路总长达23,440英里(37,720千米)[1]。一战后由于公路的大规模修建,1923年至1939年间共有1,300英里(2,100千米)的铁路关停。二战结束后,许多铁路已经破败不堪。[1]

英国交通委员会(British Transport Commission)于1949年建立,并开始筹划关掉一些不常用的线路,因此1948年至1962年间又有3,318英里(5,340千米)的铁路关停[1]。诗人、作家约翰·贝杰曼等人反对这一举措,但私家车的增长和铁路营利能力的持续下降使得他们的努力终究于事无补。[2]

另见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 White, H.P. (1986) Forgotten Railways, ISBN 0-946537-13-5
  2. ^ Henshaw, David. The Great Railway Conspiracy. 1994. ISBN 0-948135-48-4. 

外部连接

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比钦大斧
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