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扁柏属

扁柏属
日本花柏球果
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
门: 松柏门 Pinophyta
纲: 松柏纲 Pinopsida
目: 松柏目 Pinales
科: 柏科 Cupressaceae
属: 扁柏属 Chamaecyparis
Spach, 1841

扁柏属(学名:Chamaecyparis)是柏科下的一属,共六种,学术上真正称为桧木者乃属于扁柏属的物种。扁柏属植物具有浓郁香气、防虫性佳、不易腐朽等木材特性,因此具有极高的经济价值,被用做木材、建材、家具盆栽等用途,因此人为砍伐使部分物种被列为保护物种。该属之物种都长得高、大且长寿,分布在北美洲日本台湾,其他地区则为人为栽种;而台湾是桧木生长的最南界,也是唯一亚热带气候却能拥有桧木生长的地区。

属名Chamaecyparis源于希腊语chamai(矮小的)和kyparissos(柏)的合成词,指扁柏属似矮小的柏。

特征

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柏科扁柏属植物有6种,为观赏和材用常绿针叶树。原产北美和东亚,木多有香气。与真柏不同之处为球果较小、圆形,种子数较少。幼树金字塔形,叶鳞片状,密生于小枝。叶色因园艺变种而异。球花单性同株,球果圆形,较小,种子也较少。雌球较小而不显,雄球花黄色或红色。

物种

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  • 日本扁柏 Chamaecyparis obtusa
    • 分布:日本,别名:云片柏、日本黄桧
  • 日本花柏 Chamaecyparis pisifera
    • 分布:日本,别名:羽叶花柏
  • 美国扁柏 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
    • 分布:北美西部,别名:美国桧、美洲花柏、罗森桧、罗森氏扁柏
  • 美国尖叶扁柏 Chamaecyparis thyoides
    • 分布:北美东部,别名:大西洋雪杉、雪松、侧叶扁柏
  • 台湾红桧 Chamaecyparis formosensis
    • 分布:台湾,别名:红桧、松萝、薄皮、水古杉
  • 台湾扁柏 Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana
    • 分布:台湾,别名:黄桧、松梧、厚壳

用途

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扁柏年轮标本

扁柏属常作为木材、建材、家具盆栽、工艺品的材料,因为其俱备浓郁香气,所以也是制作线香精油香水常见的植物素材。

参考文献

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  • Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4.
  • Hwang, S.-Y., Lin, H.-W., Kuo, Y.-S., & Lin, T.-P. (2001). RAPD variation in relation to population differentiation of Chamaecyparis formosensis and Chamaecyparis taiwanensis. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 42: 173-179. Available online页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (pdf file).
  • Platt, Karen "Gold Fever" descriptions of gold or yellow-leaved Chamaecyparis https://web.archive.org/web/20140714133340/http://www.karenplatt.co.uk/garden-books/gold-fever.html

延伸阅读

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·草木典·桧部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成

外部链接

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扁柏属
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