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毛竹

毛竹
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目: 禾本目 Poales
科: 禾本科 Poaceae
属: 刚竹属 Phyllostachys
种:
毛竹 P. edulis
二名法
Phyllostachys edulis
(Carrière) J.Houz., 1906
异名[1]
  • Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carrière) Matsum., 1895
  • Phyllostachys pubescens (Pradelle) Mazel ex J.Houz., 1906
  • Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens
  • Bambusa edulis
  • Bambusa heterocycla
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. luteosulcata
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. huamozhu
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. gracilis
  • Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. viridosulcata
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. obtusangulata
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. lutea
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. tetrangulata
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. quadrangulata
  • Phyllostachys pubescens f. tubiformis
  • Phyllostachys edulis f. venusta
  • Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pachyloen

毛竹学名Phyllostachys edulis)又名毛竹[2]楠竹江南竹猫头竹貌儿竹[3]貌头竹茅茹竹龟甲竹[4],原产于东亚,是一种高大散生无性系禾本科竹子

分布

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毛竹主要生长于中国南方与日本鹿儿岛以及台湾鹿谷竹山地区,其生长最适海拔为500到1800米的暖温带气候区。

形态

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圆筒形秆散生高大,秆环不隆起,秆上部每节有二分枝;披针形叶子,叶鞘上部略有细毛。根系集中稠密,竹秆生长快(高度可达28),生长量大。但如果毛竹生长在海拔过低的地方,其竹子会变细,而且冬笋的产量会大幅下降。

毛竹会分泌植物碱、类黄素抑制其它植物生长。

用途

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毛竹竹节长,结构坚韧,生长时间短,经济价值很高。毛竹广泛应用于建筑、鹰架,广告看板支架,装饰等方面。

毛竹的竹笋可以食用。在冬季采收者味美,称为“冬笋”;春天采收较大支称为春笋,若是竹笋破土而出照射到阳光则外观会成黑色,味道不会变苦;作笋干的麻竹跟毛竹是完全不同种类的竹子。

名称

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日文中称为モウソウチク(孟宗竹),这一名字来源于一则古代的民间传说,《二十四孝》故事之一。

栽培种

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  • 花毛竹Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. taokiang

相关页面

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz.. In: The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ [2017-08-31].
  2. ^ Mao, Yinger; Zhou, Xiumei; Wang, Nan; Li, Xiuxiu; You, Yuke; Bai, Shangbin. Impact of Phyllostachys edulis expansion to Chinese fir forest on the soil bacterial community. Biodiversity Science. 2023-06-20, 31 (6): 22659. doi:10.17520/biods.2022659. 
  3. ^ 教育部国语推行委员会、教育部《台湾闽南语常用词辞典》编辑委员会. 貓兒竹《臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》. 中华民国教育部. 2011年07月 [2021-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-18) (中文(台湾)). 
  4. ^ 龟甲竹 Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford. 中国植物物种信息数据库. 昆明: 中科院昆明植物研究所. [2013-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). (简体中文)
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毛竹
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