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栗腹鹭

栗腹鹭
摄于哥斯达黎加
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 鹈形目 Pelecaniformes
科: 鹭科 Ardeidae
亚科: 栗腹鹭亚科 Agamiinae
Kushlan & Hancock, 2005
属: 栗腹鹭属 Agamia
Reichenbach, 1853
种:
栗腹鹭 A. agami
双名法
Agamia agami
(Gmelin, 1789)
异名
  • Ardea agami Gmelin, 1789
  • Ardea fusca Latham, 1790
  • Agamia picta Reichenbach, 1852

栗腹鹭学名Agamia agami),是鹈形目鹭科栗腹鹭属Agamia)下唯一一种鸟类。[2]这个物种分布于中南美洲的墨西哥南部的热带地区至玻利维亚北部和巴西西部的亚马逊地区之间的森林中。[3][4]目前其物种状态被评为近危[5]

这个物种由德国博物学家约翰·弗里德里希·格梅林于1789年《自然系统》第十三版首次描述,归于鹭属下。[6]其属名Agamia源自其原有的种加词agami,来自卡宴地区原住民对一种鸟类的名称Agami,可能原本是用以指称喇叭鸟(特别是灰翅喇叭声鹤英语Grey-winged trumpeter)。[7][8]

虎鹭亚科

船嘴鹭亚科

栗腹鹭亚科

𫛚亚科

鹭亚科

2023年所建立的支序图[9]

早期研究认为这个物种是鹭亚科的姊妹群或是直属于鹭亚科下,并曾经怀疑该物种可能根本不属于鹭科。[9]:377[10]但2023年的线粒体DNA研究显示其位置应为更为外侧的位置上,因此被建议独立成一亚科[9]

栗腹鹭的体长60—76厘米,体重约566.99克。[10]:417[3]在形态上,这个物种与其他鹭有着明显的差异:牠们拥有多种颜色(深绿为主、下胸栗色、喉和颈边缘白色、脸部黑色)且多的羽毛、相对较短的腿,长颈和长喙。[8][11]牠们的脖子上有短而细的弯曲羽毛,是其他鹭所没有的特征。[10]:380而其鸟喙黄色、眼睛虹膜红色、腿脚也为黄色。[5]其翼长约27.36厘米,喙宽度约12.5毫米,喙厚度约17.4毫米,嘴峰长约158.8毫米,跗跖长约98.3毫米,尾长约97.2毫米。[3]

栗腹鹭是一种留鸟,为肉食性,以鱼类甲壳动物软体动物等水生动物为食,主要以站在高处缓慢地行走或涉水的方式觅食,伸展其长颈并抓取小型猎物。[3][11]其繁殖季约在5—7月之间,巢穴在离水面约2米的空中,卵呈淡蓝绿色或淡灰蓝色,每次产2—4枚,常呈小群体繁殖。[11][8][10]:417

这个物种的整体种群数量因其极度隐密的习性而难以被估计,但2021年的研究模型预测其种群共约有38万只左右,而平常则被描述为稀有到常见之间。[5][12]因其合适的生存环境正在加速减少,《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》将栗腹鹭列为近危物种[1][5]

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 BirdLife International. Agamia agami. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T22697200A171903244. [2024-04-29]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22697200A171903244.en可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 14.1. [2023-12-20] (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Tobias, J. A.; Sheard, C.; Pigot, A. L.; Devenish, A. J. M.; Yang, J.; Sayol, F.; Neate‐Clegg, M. H. C.; Alioravainen, N.; Weeks, T. L.; Barber, R. A.; Walkden, P. A. AVONET: Morphological, Ecological and Geographical Data for all Birds. Ecology Letters. 2022, 25 (3) [2022-08-17]. ISSN 1461-023X. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. (原始内容存档于2022-08-07) (英语). 
  4. ^ Clements, J. F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Billerman, S. M.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, D.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021.. 2021 [2022-08-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-12). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Species factsheet: Agami Heron (Agamia agami). BirdLife Data Zone. 2024 [2024-05-01] (英语). 
  6. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1, Part 2 13th. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer. 1789: 629 (拉丁语). 
  7. ^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 35–36 [2024-05-01]. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 (英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Hancock, James. The herons handbook需要免费注册. New York: Harper & Row. 1984: 180–183 [2024-05-01]. ISBN 978-0-06-015331-1 (英语). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Hruska, Jack P.; Holmes, Jesse; Oliveros, Carl; Shakya, Subir; Lavretsky, Philip; McCracken, Kevin G.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Moyle, Robert G. Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae). Ornithology. 2023-05-08, 140 (2) [2024-05-01]. doi:10.1093/ornithology/ukad005 (英语). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world需要免费注册 1. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1992. ISBN 978-84-87334-10-8 (英语). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Kushlan, James A.; Hines, Kirsten. Behavior of the Agami Heron ( Agamia agami ). Waterbirds. 2016-06, 39 (2): 187–192 [2024-05-01]. doi:10.1675/063.039.0209. 
  12. ^ Callaghan, Corey T.; Nakagawa, Shinichi; Cornwell, William K. Global abundance estimates for 9,700 bird species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021-05-25, 118 (21) [2023-06-21]. doi:10.1073/pnas.2023170118. (原始内容存档于2023-05-10) (英语). 

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栗腹鹭
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