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树状结构

以树状结构来表现的百科全书
最早的百科全书,以树状结构来安排其中的各种主题

树状结构(英语:Tree structure),又译树形结构,或称树状图tree diagram)是一种将层次结构式的构造性质,以图象方式表现出来的方法。它的名称来自于以的象征来表现出构造之间的关系,虽然在图象的呈现上,它是一个上下颠倒的树,其根部在上方,是资料的开头,而下方的资料称为叶子。

树形结构是一层次的嵌套结构。 一个树形结构的外层和内层有相似的结构, 所以,这种结构多可以递归的表示。树状结构只是一个概念,可以用许多种不同形式来展现。在数学图论集合论中,对于树状结构的性质探讨是一个重要课题。在电脑科学中,则以树状数据结构作为讨论主题。

概论

根据《牛津英语词典》,树状结构与树状图这两个名词,在1965年首次出现在诺姆·乔姆斯基的著作Aspects of the Theory of Syntax英语Aspects of the Theory of Syntax中。

特性

在树状结构中的基本单位,称为节点(Node)。节点之间的链接,称为分支(branch)。节点与分支形成树状,结构的开端,称为根(root),或根结点。根节点之外的节点,称为子节点(child)。没有链接到其他子节点的节点,称为叶节点(Leaf)。

参见

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树状结构
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