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树突状细胞

树突状细胞
海洋分枝杆菌感染导致朗格汉斯细胞大量聚集
树突状细胞的电脑模型
基本信息
发育自造血干细胞
系统免疫系统
标识字符
拉丁文cellula dendritiformis
MeSHD003713
THH1.00.01.0.00038
FMAFMA:83036
解剖学术语

树突状细胞(英语:dendritic cell,简称DC)又称树状细胞树突细胞,是一种存在于哺乳动物的一种白细胞。它存在于血液和暴露于环境中的组织中,如皮肤和鼻子、肺、胃和小肠的上皮组织。它们的作用是调节对当前环境刺激的先天和后天免疫反应。[1]它最重要的功能是将抗原处理后呈递给免疫系统的T细胞,故是一种抗原呈递细胞

它们通常少量分布于与外界接触的皮肤与黏膜部位,皮肤处特称为朗格汉斯细胞,黏膜处则为鼻子的内衬上皮。血液中也可发现他们的未成熟型式。他们被激活时,会移至淋巴结T细胞B细胞互相作用,进行初步的活性化,以刺激与控制适当的免疫反应

在一段成长过程中他们长出树枝状的突起,原文dendrite来自希腊文 δενδρίτηςdendrítis,与树有关的),意指树状的细胞,与神经元树突的名称同源。然而,尽管神经元也有相似的部位,但树突状细胞与神经元间并无特殊关联。未成熟的树突状细胞(iDC)亦称隐蔽细胞(veiled cell),不若树枝状的突起,它们具有吞噬功能。

历史

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树突状细胞最早于1868被保罗·兰格尔翰斯发现,当时他依据树突般的突起,将树突状细胞视作神经元的一种[2],直到1973年,才由皮肤科医师Inga Silberberg指出这种细胞是在免疫中发挥功用[3][4]。同年,拉尔夫·斯坦曼和赞威尔·A·科恩两人首次以“dendritic cells”一词称呼这种细胞[5],“树突状细胞”之名遂由此伊始。为表彰斯坦曼对研究树突状细胞于后天免疫系统中作用的贡献,他被授予2007年的拉斯克奖基础医学研究奖[6]和2011年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖(与布鲁斯·博伊特勒朱尔·奥夫曼分享)。[7]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Dendritic cells - Latest research and news. Nature. [2020-04-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-24). 
  2. ^ Jolles, S. Paul Langerhans. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2002, 55: 243. 
  3. ^ Silberberg, I. Apposition of mononuclear cells to langerhans cells in contact allergic reactions. An ultrastructural study. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1973, 53: 1–12. PMID 4120802. 
  4. ^ Harman, A. N.; Kim, M.; Nasr, N.; Sandgren, K. J.; Cameron, P. U. Tissue dendritic cells as portals for HIV entry. Reviews in Medical Virology. 2013, 23 (5): 319–333. PMID 23908074. doi:10.1002/rmv.1753. 
  5. ^ Steinman, R. M.; Cohn, Z. A. Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1973, 137 (5): 1142–1162. PMC 2139237可免费查阅. PMID 4573839. doi:10.1084/jem.137.5.1142. 
  6. ^ The Lasker Foundation - 2007 Awards. [2010-11-27]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-22). 
  7. ^ Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2011". [2011-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-12). 

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树突状细胞
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