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柳敬亭.
柳敬亭（1592年—约1672年），原姓曹，名永昌，字葵宇。明末清初评话艺术家。
祖籍南通余西场，万历二十年（1592年）生于泰州。[1]自小犷悍无赖，十五岁犯法，误伤人命，[2]得泰州府尹李三才之助，得以亡命盱眙（今属江苏），改姓柳，称“柳麻子”。[3]十八岁向莫后光学说书，莫后光曾惊讶柳敬亭的进步：“子得之矣！目之所视，手之所倚，足之所，言未发而哀乐具乎其前，此说之全矣！于是听者傥然若有见焉！其竟也，恤然若有亡焉。”[4]后于市中为人说书。[5]一日说书一回，定价一两，“十日前先送书帕下定，常不得空”。[6]后常往返扬州、杭州、南京、常熟[7]、绍兴[8]之间。左良玉在武昌时，命令柳敬亭每晚“张灯高坐，谈说隋唐间遗事”[9]，顺治二年（1645年），左良玉病逝安徽，马士英、阮大铖谋捕柳敬亭。柳敬亭出逃，“复来吴中”，[10]“亡国之恨顿生，檀板之声无色。”[11]康熙十一年前后，八十余岁仍往来江湖说书。[12]冒襄《赠柳敬亭》称：“游侠髯麻柳敬亭，诙谐笑骂不曾停；重逢快说隋家事，又费河亭一日听。”，“至今说书人都尊他为祖师。”[13]
注释
- ^ 夏荃《退庵笔记》说他是“泰州打鱼湾”人，沈龙翔《柳敬亭传》亦载“本姓曹，泰州曹家庄人也。”关于柳敬亭生年有二说，陈汝衡《说书艺人柳敬亭 》及大陆今本《辞海》作1587年，何龄修《柳敬亭传》及《关于柳敬亭的生年及其他》作1592年。今取何说。
- ^ 宫伟镠《微尚录存》中说“……时年十七八岁一恶少耳，开府轻其罪，父欲法绳之，乃出亡……”。
- ^ 张岱《陶庵梦忆·柳敬亭说书》：“柳麻子貌奇丑，然其口角波俏，眼目流利。”
- ^ 《梅村家藏稿·柳敬亭传》
- ^ 王院亭《分甘诗话》里记柳说书时“比至，径踞右席说平话，才一段而至，人亦不能复强之也。”
- ^ 张岱《陶庵梦忆》
- ^ 周容：《春酒堂文集》
- ^ 朱一是：《梅里诗辑》
- ^ 钱曾：《注钱谦益诗》
- ^ 吴伟业：《柳敬亭传》
- ^ 黄宗羲《柳敬亭传》写道：“敬亭既在军中久，其豪滑大侠、杀人亡命、流离遇合、破家失国之事，无不身亲见之。且五方土音，乡俗好尚，习见习闻。每发一声，使人闻之，或如刀剑铁骑，飒然浮空；或如风号雨泣，鸟悲兽骇。亡国之恨顿生，檀板之声无色，有非莫生之言可尽者矣。”
- ^ 余怀《板桥杂记》记他：“年已八十余矣，间遇余侨寓睡轩中，犹说秦叔宝见姑娘也。”
- ^ 陈灵犀：《弦边双楫》
参考书目
- 张岱：《陶庵梦忆》柳敬亭说书
- 袁学澜：《续姑苏竹枝词》
- 黄宗羲：《柳敬亭传》
- 吴伟业：《柳敬亭传》
- 刘禹生：《世载堂杂忆》
- 褚人获：《坚瓠秘集》
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