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林投

林投
桃园市观音区观音里的林投
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots
目: 露兜树目 Pandanales
科: 露兜树科 Pandanaceae
属: 露兜树属 Pandanus
种:
林投 P. tectorius
二名法
Pandanus tectorius
Parkinson ex Du Roi, 1774
异名 [2][3]
  • Pandanus baptistii Hort.
  • Pandanus chamissonis Gaudich.
  • Pandanus douglasii Gaudich.
  • Pandanus menziesii Gaudich.
  • Pandanus odoratissimus auct. non L.f.
  • Pandanus pedunculatus R.Br.
  • Pandanus sanderi Sander
  • Pandanus stradbrokensis H.St.John
  • Pandanus tomilensis Kaneh.
  • Pandanus veitchii Mast. & T.Moore

林投学名Pandanus tectorius),古作菻荼,别称露兜树野菠萝假菠萝海菠萝等,为露兜树科露兜树属下的一个物种,原产于马来界澳大利亚东部及太平洋三大岛群。林投具耐风、耐盐的特质,且繁殖容易,是台湾常见的海岸防风定砂植物。兰屿达悟族人称之为“Ango”;达悟族会使用林投的气生根烤或曝晒飞鱼,部分客家人则用林投气根替代麻绳制作草鞋。

描述

气生根发达
带刺气生根与新叶
"林投果"显示出指骨.
台湾鼻头角林投果

林投可以长到4-14米〈13-46英尺〉高。单树干多刺,在4-8米(13-26英尺)的高度开叉。[4]整棵树是由气生根坚实地固定到到地面来支撑。它的叶子通常为90-150厘米(3.0-4.9英尺)长、5-7厘米(2.0-2.8)宽,锯齿般的边缘。

林投花

林投花是雌雄异株,具有非常不同的雄花及雌。雄花小、散发香气、聚簇状或总状花序,且花期短、只持续一天。而雌花类如菠萝[4]

林投叶

林投叶簇生于枝顶,叶缘长满锐刺。以完美的螺线形,顺着逆时针的方向每隔四片叶子绕着茎干往上绕一圈,如此叶缘硬刺便不会刺伤旁边的叶子。以螺线形环绕还有另一好处,可以让每片叶子均匀地接收阳光。

中医药疗病

其根、果及果核可入药,性味、淡,可发汗解表、清热利尿[来源请求]

成熟的林投果

制绳

制造麻绳的方法是在山上找出林投树的气根, 气根是浅啡色, 一般有5至15厘米的粗度, 把它劈下, 用刀把外皮剥下, 用手指把所需要的粗度撕下, 一般一根林投气根可制作几十条麻绳, 把这些撕下来的气根用阳光晒干, 就可完成。[5]

另见

注释

  1. ^ Thomson, L., Thaman, R., Guarino, L., Taylor, M. & Elevitch, C. Pandanus tectorius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 [2021-01-19]. 
  2. ^ Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc.. ITIS. [December 5, 2013]. 
  3. ^ Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium of New South Wales. [December 5, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-14). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Thomson, Lex A.J.; Lois Englberger; Luigi Guarino; R.R. Thaman; Craig R. Elevitch. Pandanus tectorius 〈pandanus〉 (PDF). The Traditional Tree Initiative. April 2006 [2014-02-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-21). 
  5. ^ YouTube上的视频

参考资料

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:林投 维基物种上的相关信息:林投

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林投
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