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林尼克定理

林尼克定理是 解析数论 中的一个定理,它回答了一个由 狄利克雷定理 自然推广的问题,它声称,存在着正数 cL 使得:如果我们用p(a,d)表示最小的 素数等差数列

其中 n 跑遍正 整数ad 为任何的 互质 正整数 满足 1≤ ad -1,则:

本定理以尤里·弗拉基米罗维奇·林尼克的名字命名,他证明它在1944年。[1][2] 虽然林尼克的证据表明 cL 是 可计算数,但是他没有提供任何数值。

性质

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目前已经知道, L ≤2对于几乎所有整数d都成立.[3]

广义黎曼假设成立的前提下,有,

这里 欧拉函数.[4] 更强的上界是

也已证实。[5]

目前猜测:

[4]

L的边界

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常数 L 称为林尼克常数 [6]

下表显示了有关该常数迄今为止取得的进展。

L ≤ 证实的年份 作者
10000 1957年 [7]
5448 1958年
777 1965年 [8]
630 1971年 朱提拉
550 1970年 朱提拉
168 1977年 [9]
80 1977年 朱提拉
36 1977年 格雷厄姆[10]
20 1981年 格雷厄姆[11] (之前提交的陈1979年的文件)
17 1979年 [12]
16 1986年
13.5 1989年 陈 刘[13][14]
8 1990年 [15]
5.5 1992年 希斯-布朗
5.18 2009年 吉罗里斯
5 2011 吉罗里斯

此外,在希斯-布朗的结果,常数 c 是有效的可计算数。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Linnik, Yu. V. On the least prime in an arithmetic progression I. The basic theorem. Rec. Math. (Mat. Sbornik) N.S. 1944, 15 (57): 139–178. MR 0012111. 
  2. ^ Linnik, Yu. V. On the least prime in an arithmetic progression II. The Deuring-Heilbronn phenomenon. Rec. Math. (Mat. Sbornik) N.S. 1944, 15 (57): 347–368. MR 0012112. 
  3. ^ Bombieri, Enrico; Friedlander, John B.; Iwaniec, Henryk. Primes in Arithmetic Progressions to Large Moduli. III. Journal of the American Mathematical Society. 1989, 2 (2): 215–224. JSTOR 1990976. MR 0976723. doi:10.2307/1990976. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Heath-Brown, Roger. Zero-free regions for Dirichlet L-functions, and the least prime in an arithmetic progression. Proc. London Math. Soc. 1992, 64 (3): 265–338. MR 1143227. doi:10.1112/plms/s3-64.2.265. 
  5. ^ Lamzouri, Y.; Li, X.; Soundararajan, K. Conditional bounds for the least quadratic non-residue and related problems. Math. Comp. 2015, 84 (295): 2391–2412. arXiv:1309.3595可免费查阅. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-2015-02925-1. 
  6. ^ Guy, Richard K. Unsolved problems in number theory. Problem Books in Mathematics 1 Third. New York: Springer-Verlag. 2004: 22. ISBN 978-0-387-20860-2. MR 2076335. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-26677-0. 
  7. ^ Pan, Cheng Dong. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression. Sci. Record. New Series. 1957, 1: 311–313. MR 0105398. 
  8. ^ Chen, Jingrun. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression. Sci. Sinica. 1965, 14: 1868–1871. 
  9. ^ Chen, Jingrun. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression and two theorems concerning the zeros of Dirichlet's $L$-functions. Sci. Sinica. 1977, 20 (5): 529–562. MR 0476668. 
  10. ^ Graham, Sidney West. (学位论文).  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
  11. ^ Graham, S. W. On Linnik's constant. Acta Arith. 1981, 39 (2): 163–179. MR 0639625. doi:10.4064/aa-39-2-163-179. 
  12. ^ Chen, Jingrun. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression and theorems concerning the zeros of Dirichlet's $L$-functions. II. Sci. Sinica. 1979, 22 (8): 859–889. MR 0549597. 
  13. ^ Chen, Jingrun; Liu, Jian Min. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression. III. Science in China Series A: Mathematics. 1989, 32 (6): 654–673. MR 1056044. 
  14. ^ Chen, Jingrun; Liu, Jian Min. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression. IV. Science in China Series A: Mathematics. 1989, 32 (7): 792–807. MR 1058000. 
  15. ^ Wang, Wei. On the least prime in an arithmetical progression. Acta Mathematica Sinica. New Series. 1991, 7 (3): 279–288. MR 1141242. doi:10.1007/BF02583005. 
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林尼克定理
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