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板栗

板栗
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 壳斗目 Fagales
科: 壳斗科 Fagaceae
属: 栗属 Castanea
种:
板栗 C. mollissima
二名法
Castanea mollissima
异名
  • Castanea bungeana Blume
  • C. duclouxii Dode
  • C. fargesii Dode
  • C. formosana (Hayata) Hayata
  • C. hupehensis Dode
  • C. mollissima var. pendula X. Y. Zhou & Z. D. Zhou
  • C. sativa Miller var. formosana Hayata
  • C. sativa var. mollissima (Blume) Pampanini
  • C. vulgaris Lamarck var. yunnanensis Franchet.[1]

板栗学名Castanea mollissima),又名中国栗,是壳斗科栗属的植物,原产于中国,分布于越南台湾辽宁内蒙古北京天津河北山西陕西山东江苏安徽上海浙江江西福建河南湖北湖南海南广东广西重庆四川贵州云南西藏等地,生长于海拔370-2800米的地区,多见于山地,已由人工广泛栽培。[2]

特征

落叶乔木,株高达20米,树冠冠幅大。单互生,长10-22厘米,宽4.5-8厘米,叶缘锯齿状。柔荑花序长4-20厘米,雌雄异花,雌花位于花序基部,具刺针,雄花位于花序的其他部分,雄花先雌花开放。果实总苞又称栗蓬,被密刺束,直径4-8厘米,包含2-3枚棕色有光泽的坚果栗子,有时可达4枚或以上,野生坚果直径2-3厘米。果期9-10月。学名mollissima源于柔软多绒毛的嫩芽和新叶。[3][4]

生境

板栗性喜光,耐旱,耐瘠薄,喜肥沃土壤,生长率适中。[3][4]

板栗与日本栗C. crenata)、美洲栗(C. dentata)、欧洲栗C. sativa)等栗树栽培在一起时会发生物种间杂交[5]

板栗在演化过程中已经与寄生在树皮上的真菌栗疫病菌Cryphonectria parasitica)共存了很长一段时间,而与其他栗属物种相比,其演化是较为成功的,因为它虽然对栗疫病菌并不免疫,但却可以抵御住栗疫病菌的病害,在其感染后受损很小。但如果是美洲栗感染这种从亚洲引入到北美洲的真菌,就会彻底死亡。北美洲正积极地进行研究,将板栗与美洲栗进行杂交,以最大限度地保持美洲栗的优良特性,如高大的植株、较大的叶片、较大的坚果、较高的甜度以及良好的适应力,并拥有中国板栗对栗疫病菌良好的耐受力。[6]

用途

日本的天津甘栗

板栗可食用,营养可口,因此在东亚广泛栽培,同时对于野生动物来说也是重要的食物。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ eFloras, 2009
  2. ^ 昆明植物研究所. 板栗. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2010-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Flora of China: Castanea mollissima页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Flora of Taiwan: Castanea mollissima页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Sisco, P. H., et al. An Improved Genetic Map for Castanea mollissima / Castanea dentata and its Relationship to the Genetic Map of Castanea sativa. Acta Hort. 693. Abstract.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ FAO: Chestnut blight页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • eFloras, Missouri Botanical Garden & Harvard University Herbaria, Castanea mollissima, FOC Vol. 4 Page 316 [2009], (原始内容存档于2021-02-15) 

外部链接

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板栗
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