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李瑞东

李瑞东(1851年—1917年),字树勋,号文侯,生于清帝国直隶省武清县,清末武术名家,李氏太极拳的创始者。

生平

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李瑞东因为鼻子扁平,绰号“鼻子李”。家中经营药材生意,开设济生堂药铺,父亲李小歧,任职县衙为小吏,家境不错。自幼爱好拳术,初练少林等外家拳术,青少年时代跟随河北饶阳戳脚门名师李老遂求艺九年,河北名拳戳脚门拳法。青年时代与大刀王五(王子斌)结义金兰,互换拳艺,得王五所传“山东教门弹腿”之精妙。李瑞东先生天资聪颖,甚至有过目不忘之能,且练艺十分刻苦,到了成年时,已经练出了一身超群的武功,而且经常与善扑营的布库比试摔跤,多胜之,所以在京津二地很有些名气。

光绪六年,端王府管事王永泰(字兰亭)出京办差,因为与李家为世交,途中经过武清县,顺道至李家拜访,因而与李瑞东结识。王兰亭早年拜在周岳图门下,学习十二连拳(心意六合拳的一个分支)。后又拜杨露禅为师,学杨氏太极拳。在杨露禅死后,又拜入董海川门下。李瑞东因此机缘,在王兰亭门下学习太极拳八卦掌,又因王兰亭的介绍,至端王府、恭亲王府担任武术教师,与尹福程廷华等人过从甚密,也曾得到董海川本人的指导。

光绪二十年,至宫中为慈禧表演,以轻功得到赏识,被誉为“神鹰”,因而留在宫中,任四品带刀侍卫。父子在恭王府教拳,溥心畬兄弟是李子廉学生。在八国联军之后返乡,又拜甘淡然为师,学习八卦奇门拳。之后结合所学,创立李氏太极拳。

因为他个性豪爽,交游广阔,在京津一带名声甚大,曾与李存义李书文义结金兰,被推为天津中华武士会之首。但也因为不善理财,又爱接济朋友,因此而耗尽家财。在民国初年,曾任袁世凯大总统亲卫队武术教习,也曾主持天下武林英雄会,任裁判长。

李瑞东曾向六大师习艺,又喜爱与人交换武术心得,因此他的武术特色即是博采众家、注意实用。

弟子

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弟子百余人,著名者近二十来人:项润田、李进修、李子廉、张滔、陈继先、程安和尚、蒋万和、蒋万良、文实权、罗子鸣、王凤鸣、刘子鸣、高瑞周等人。有三子二女均精李派拳法:长女奇英、长子伯英、次子仲英、次女菊英、三子季英。原本是通背门的名家王荣标(人称“大枪王荣标”者)先生,在李瑞东先生中煤气毒逝世后,因仰慕先生之名,曾经与先生长子伯英结为师兄弟,从伯英学李派拳法。

参考资料

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李瑞东
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