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李廌.
李廌[注 1](1059年—1109年),字方叔,号齐南先生、太华逸民,斋号德隅斋。华州(今陕西省华县)人,北宋文学家,苏轼弟子,苏门六君子之一。
父李惇与苏轼同年进士。六岁而孤,年少时以文章进谒苏轼,甚获赞赏,拊其背誉之“子之才,万人敌”,为“苏门六君子”之一。《鹤林玉露》记载:元祐三年,苏轼主持礼部考试。考前苏轼特地写一篇《刘向优于杨雄论》送他。结果文章反而被章持、章援取得。最后李廌落榜,章援第一。苏轼作诗给李廌:“平生漫说古战场,过眼空迷日五色”[1][2]。元祐六年(1091年),李廌又落第[3]。
中年之后,绝意于仕途[4],寄居于长社(今河南省长葛东部)。
擅长七言古诗及七言绝句,为文喜谈古今治乱。其文《兵鉴》,向为后人所重视,四库馆臣认为“议论奇伟,尤多可取,固与局促辕下者异焉!”[5]。著有《济南集》,一度亡佚,清初四库馆臣自《永乐大典》中辑出。
[在维基数据编辑]
- 在维基文库阅读此作者作品
- 《宋史·卷444》,出自脱脱《宋史》
- ^ 朱弁《风月堂诗话》卷上:“东坡知贡举,李豸方叔久为东坡所知,其年到省诸路举子,人人欲识其面,考试官莫不欲得方叔也。坡亦自言有司以第一拔方叔耳。既拆号,十名前不见方叔,众已失色,逮写尽榜,无不惊骇叹。方叔归阳翟,黄鲁直以诗叙其事送之,东坡和矣。如‘平生漫说古战场,过眼真迷日五色’之句,其用事精切,虽老杜、白乐天集中未尝见也。”
- ^ 元祐三年黄庭坚省试锁院时曾称美东坡的鉴别力,谓“其他在间伎俩,诸君或胜东坡,至于评论文章,东坡鼻端一嗅,可定优劣”。
- ^ 王文诰在《苏文忠公诗编年集成总案》卷三○中说:“公屡奏未了榜时,党人先有失士之论。盖自知举命下,董敦逸已论奏必不当,其余造作不一,而流传小说,多有章援、章持窃得李廌策题之说。此不足道也。”
- ^ 《老学庵笔记》卷一○谓“廌果终身不第以死”
- ^ 元祐初年苏轼在给李廌的信中说道:“至若前所示《兵鉴》,则读之终篇,莫知所谓,意者足下未甚有得于中而张其外者,不然,则老病昏惑,不识其趣也。以此,私意犹冀足下积学不倦,落其华而成其实。”
- 苏轼《与李方叔书》,载《苏轼文集》卷四九
- 罗大经:《鹤林玉露》
- 赵溍:《养疴漫笔》
- 钱建状:〈苏轼元祐三年科场舞弊辨伪-兼论李廌落第原因〉,《浙江大学学报》(人文社会科学版)38卷3期
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