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李从益

李从益(931年—947年6月24日),中国五代十国后唐第二代明宗皇帝李嗣源的幼子。

生平

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李从益是明宗之子,被王淑妃收养,后封为许王。李从益乳母司衣王氏,年轻貌美,见明宗已老,秦王李从荣握兵,想归附李从荣,说:“儿思秦王。”当时李从益已四岁,司衣王氏又数次教李从益自言要求见秦王。明宗派乳母带着李从益往来秦府,司衣王氏遂与李从荣私通,李从荣通过王氏伺察宫中的动静。李从荣已死,司衣王氏口出怨言,说秦王派兵入宫保卫天子,但以谋反被诛。闵帝李从厚知道后,大怒,赐司衣王氏死。

不久明宗继子潞王李从珂推翻闵帝登基,是为末帝;明宗女婿河东节度使石敬瑭起兵,借口称末帝既非明宗亲生,应该把皇位还给明宗的亲子李从益。石敬瑭兵犯京师曹太后与废帝李从珂自焚而死,而王太妃与许王李从益及其妹藏在鞠院以免死难。

石敬瑭即位为晋高祖,迁都汴京天福四年(939年)九月癸未,石敬瑭以郇国三千户封唐许王李从益为郇国公,以奉唐朝包括后唐的祭祀,服色、旌旗一依旧制。太常议立庄宗、明宗、愍帝三室,以至德宫为庙;诏立高祖太宗,为五庙,使李从益岁时主祠。

出帝石重贵即位,太妃母子都回洛阳契丹入侵京师,赵延寿所娶得明宗女儿兴平公主已死,耶律德光为赵延寿娶李从益之妹,是为永安公主。耶律德光拜李从益为彰信军节度使,李从益力辞,不至官,与太妃都回洛阳。

耶律德光北归,留萧翰守汴州。汉高祖刘知远起兵太原萧翰想要北归,但是担心中原无主、军民大乱,于是诈称契丹主命,派人召李从益,任命李从益为“知南朝军国事”。李从益母子逃到徽陵,以躲避使者,使者迫使他们前往洛阳。李从益坐在崇元殿上,萧翰率契丹诸将在殿上拜,晋群臣在殿下拜。群臣谒见太妃,太妃说:“吾家子母孤弱,为翰所迫,此岂福邪?祸行至矣!”以王松、赵远为左右丞相,李式、翟光邺为枢密使,燕将刘祚为侍卫亲军都指挥使。萧翰留契丹兵千人给刘祚而去。

刘知远拥兵南下,李从益派人召高行周、武行德等人抵御,高行周等人不至,李从益与王松计划以燕兵闭城自守。太妃说:“吾家亡国之余,安敢与人争天下!”派人上书迎刘知远。刘知远听说他曾经召高行周而不至,就派遣郭从义先入京师杀太妃母子。太妃临死大呼:“吾家母子何罪?何不留吾儿,使每岁寒食持一盂饭洒明宗坟上。”闻者悲之。李从益死时年十七岁。

参考文献

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维基文库中的相关文本:旧五代史·卷51》,出自薛居正旧五代史
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李从益
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