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有效质量

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Bulk Si,Ge,GaAs和InAs用紧束缚模型计算得到的能带结构. 有效质量大小:Si 〉GaAs 〉 Ge 〉 InAs

有效质量(Effective mass),是用来方便引入经典力学的解决方法牛顿第二定律的一种近似。它近似认为电子受到原子核周期性势场(这个势场和晶格周期相同)以及其他电子势场综合作用的结果。在数学处理上采用在能带极值点处用泰勒展开,这样略去二阶以上项,就可以很好刻画。另外,有效质量与能带形状、位置有关。包括状态密度有效质量,和电导有效质量等。有效质量是一个很重要的概念,它把晶体中电子准经典运动的加速度与外力直接联系了起来。

带结构的二阶近似为:

其中m*为有效质量

有效质量可以为负值,这是与惯性质量不同的。

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有效质量
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